Jepson R G, Mihaljevic L, Craig J
15 Blackwood Crescent, Edinburgh, UK, EH9 1QZ.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(2):CD001321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001321.
Cranberries (particularly in the form of cranberry juice) have been used widely for several decades for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of cranberries in preventing such infections.
To assess the effectiveness of cranberry juice and other cranberry products in preventing urinary tract infections in susceptible populations.
Electronic databases and the Internet were searched using English and non English language terms; companies involved with the promotion and distribution of cranberry preparations were contacted; reference lists of review articles and relevant trials were searched.
All randomised or quasi randomised controlled trials of cranberry juice/products for the prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations. Trials of men, women or children were included.
Reviewers RJ and LM independently assessed and extracted information using specially designed data extraction forms. For each included trial, information was collected on methods of the trial, participants, interventions and outcomes. We were unable to perform statistical analysis due to the nature of the data available for review.
Four trials met the inclusion criteria (three cross-over, one parallel group). Three compared the effectiveness of cranberry juice versus placebo juice or water and one compared the effectiveness of cranberry capsules versus placebo. Two further trials were excluded. The outcomes of interest were number of urinary tract infections in each group (symptomatic and asymptomatic), side effects and adherence to therapy. Data from three out of the four trials indicated that cranberries were effective for at least one of the outcomes of interest. The quality of the four included trials was poor, however, and thus the reliability of the results must be questionable.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The small number of poor quality trials gives no reliable evidence of the effectiveness of cranberry juice and other cranberry products. The large number of dropouts/withdrawals from the trials indicates that cranberry juice may not be acceptable over long periods of time. Other cranberry products such as cranberry capsules may be more acceptable. On the basis of the available evidence, cranberry juice cannot be recommended for the prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations. Further properly designed trials with relevant outcomes are needed.
几十年来，蔓越莓（特别是蔓越莓汁形式）已被广泛用于预防和治疗尿路感染。本综述的目的是评估蔓越莓在预防此类感染方面的有效性。
评估蔓越莓汁和其他蔓越莓产品在易感人群中预防尿路感染的有效性。
使用英语和非英语术语检索电子数据库和互联网；联系参与蔓越莓制剂推广和分销的公司；检索综述文章和相关试验的参考文献列表。
所有关于蔓越莓汁/产品在易感人群中预防尿路感染的随机或半随机对照试验。纳入男性、女性或儿童的试验。
评审员RJ和LM使用专门设计的数据提取表独立评估和提取信息。对于每项纳入试验，收集有关试验方法、参与者、干预措施和结果的信息。由于可供综述的数据性质，我们无法进行统计分析。
四项试验符合纳入标准（三项交叉试验，一项平行组试验）。三项试验比较了蔓越莓汁与安慰剂汁或水的有效性，一项试验比较了蔓越莓胶囊与安慰剂的有效性。另外两项试验被排除。感兴趣的结果是每组尿路感染的数量（有症状和无症状）、副作用和治疗依从性。四项试验中的三项数据表明，蔓越莓对至少一项感兴趣的结果有效。然而，纳入的四项试验质量较差，因此结果的可靠性必然存疑。
少数质量较差的试验没有提供蔓越莓汁和其他蔓越莓产品有效性的可靠证据。试验中大量的退出/撤回表明蔓越莓汁可能长期不被接受。其他蔓越莓产品如蔓越莓胶囊可能更易被接受。根据现有证据，不建议在易感人群中使用蔓越莓汁预防尿路感染。需要进一步进行设计合理、有相关结果的试验。
