Hess R S, Kass P H, Ward C R
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000 May 1;216(9):1414-7. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1414.
To determine which dog breeds are at low and high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM).
Cohort study.
Hospital population of 221 dogs with DM and 42,882 dogs without DM during 5.5 years.
165 breeds (including a mixed-breed category) were represented in the hospital population. Breed-specific expected numbers of dogs with DM were calculated by multiplying the proportion of all dogs admitted to the hospital that were determined to have DM during the study period by the breed-specific totals during the study period. Breeds or breed groups evaluated in the analysis (n = 20) were restricted to those that had a combined observed and expected count > 5 to document breeds at low and high risk for developing DM. Proportionate changes in the risk of developing DM by breed were calculated and presented using exact odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values. Mixed-breed dogs were chosen as the reference breed.
Samoyeds, Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Poodles, Pugs, and Toy Poodles were at high risk for developing DM. Dog breeds found to be at low risk for developing DM were German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, and American Pit Bull Terrier.
The finding that certain dog breeds are at low or high risk for developing DM suggests that some genetic defects may predispose dogs to development of DM, whereas other genetic factors may protect dogs from development of DM.
确定哪些犬种患糖尿病（DM）的风险较低和较高。
队列研究。
5.5年间医院收治的221只患糖尿病犬和42,882只未患糖尿病犬。
医院收治的犬种有165种（包括混种犬类别）。通过将研究期间医院收治的所有患糖尿病犬的比例乘以研究期间各犬种的总数，计算出各犬种患糖尿病的预期数量。分析中评估的犬种或犬种组（n = 20）仅限于观察到的和预期数量总和>5的犬种，以记录患糖尿病风险较低和较高的犬种。计算并使用精确比值比、95%置信区间和P值呈现各犬种患糖尿病风险的比例变化。选择混种犬作为参照犬种。
萨摩耶犬、迷你雪纳瑞犬、迷你贵宾犬、哈巴狗和玩具贵宾犬患糖尿病的风险较高。发现患糖尿病风险较低的犬种有德国牧羊犬、金毛寻回犬和美国比特斗牛梗。
某些犬种患糖尿病风险较低或较高这一发现表明，一些遗传缺陷可能使犬易患糖尿病，而其他遗传因素可能保护犬不患糖尿病。
