Hereditary hemochromatosis among U.S. Army aviators.

From 1988 to 1995, there were five reported cases of hemochromatosis among U.S. Army aviators. Three of the five are presented and discussed. The cases of hereditary hemochromatosis were discovered during unrelated work-ups or from investigation of a positive family history, and not by routine flying duty medical examinations. Recent studies show a prevalence of 5 per 1000 in the general population. This study shows the incidence among Army aviators is 0.296 per 1,000 aviator-years of observation. It is possible that there are cases presently undiagnosed in the Army aviation community. Without screening measures in place, the Army Aviation Branch has greater difficulty diagnosing and treating hereditary hemochromatosis. Heightened awareness and a high clinical index of suspicion are necessary to identify affected patients. Early detection and treatment is essential to prevent long-term end organ damage from iron deposition.