Crespo C J, Smit E, Andersen R E, Carter-Pokras O, Ainsworth B E
Department of Health and Fitness, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8037, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2000 Jan;18(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00105-1.
Physical inactivity is more prevalent among racial and ethnic minorities than among Caucasians. It is not known if differences in participation in leisure time physical activity are due to differences in social class. Thus, this paper provides estimates of the prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time and its relationship to race/ethnicity and social class.
This was a national representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination. Between 1988 and 1994, 18,885 adults aged 20 or older responded to the household adult and family questionnaires as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Mexican-Americans and African-Americans were over-sampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. Multiple assessment of social class included education, family income, occupation, poverty status, employment status, and marital status.
The age-adjusted prevalence (per 100) of adults reporting leisure time inactivity is lower among Caucasians (18%) than among African-Americans (35%) and Mexican-Americans (40%). African-American and Mexican-American men and women reported higher prevalence of leisure time inactivity than their Caucasian counterparts across almost every variable, including education, family income, occupation, employment, poverty and marital status.
Current indicators of social class do not seem to explain the higher prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time among African-American and Mexican-American. More research is needed to examine the effect of other constructs of social class such as acculturation, safety, social support and environmental barriers in promoting successful interventions to increase physical activity in these populations.
与白种人相比，身体活动不足在少数族裔中更为普遍。休闲时间身体活动参与度的差异是否归因于社会阶层的差异尚不清楚。因此，本文提供了休闲时间身体活动不足的患病率估计及其与种族/族裔和社会阶层的关系。
这是一项具有全国代表性的横断面调查，采用面对面访谈和医学检查。1988年至1994年间，作为第三次全国健康和营养检查调查的一部分，18885名20岁及以上的成年人回答了家庭成人和家庭问卷。对墨西哥裔美国人和非裔美国人进行了过度抽样，以便对这些群体进行可靠的估计。社会阶层的多重评估包括教育程度、家庭收入、职业、贫困状况、就业状况和婚姻状况。
报告休闲时间身体活动不足的成年人的年龄调整患病率（每100人）在白种人中（18%）低于非裔美国人（35%）和墨西哥裔美国人（40%）。几乎在包括教育程度、家庭收入、职业、就业、贫困和婚姻状况在内的每个变量上，非裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国男性和女性报告的休闲时间身体活动不足患病率都高于他们的白种人同龄人。
目前的社会阶层指标似乎无法解释非裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国人休闲时间身体活动不足患病率较高的原因。需要更多的研究来考察社会阶层的其他构成要素，如文化适应、安全、社会支持和环境障碍，在促进成功干预以增加这些人群身体活动方面的作用。
