Ransdell L B, Wells C L
Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0219, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Nov;30(11):1608-15. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199811000-00009.
The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in a large, diverse sample of urban women (N = 521; X = 40.5 +/- 10.5 yr) relative to race/ethnicity, income, age, and education, using a sex-specific physical activity questionnaire. We also examined demographic and behavioral predictors of high levels (> or = 2000 kcal.wk-1) of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA; exercise, sports, recreational activities) in this population.
The majority of women were sedentary (0-666 kcal.wk-1 in LTPA), and only 8% of African-American women (N = 6), 11% of Mexican-American women (N = 4), and 13% of white women (N = 55) participated in the level of physical activity recommended by the surgeon general (i.e., moderate to vigorous physical activity most days of the week for at least 30 min). Women of color, women over 40, and women without a college education had the lowest levels of participation in LTPA. Logistic regression analysis indicated that education was the only significant predictor of high LTPA in white women (P < 0.01) and marital status was the only significant predictor of high LTPA in minority women (P < 0.001). Age, body mass index (BMI; kg.m-2), income, self-rated health, alcohol intake, and smoking were not significant predictors of high LTPA for any of the women. Because the majority of adult women from this sample do not participate in adequate amounts of physical activity as recommended by the surgeon general, they may be at increased risk for hypokinetic diseases.
These results indicate that public health efforts to increase physical activity in women should be focused on women of color, women over 40, and women without a college degree. More attention to predictors of physical activity that are specific to race or ethnicity may improve intervention program design and implementation.
本研究旨在通过一份针对性别的身体活动问卷，分析一个包含多种族的城市女性大样本（N = 521；平均年龄X = 40.5 ± 10.5岁）的身体活动情况，这些女性在种族/族裔、收入、年龄和教育程度方面存在差异。我们还研究了该人群中高水平（≥2000千卡·周⁻¹）休闲时间身体活动（LTPA；锻炼、运动、娱乐活动）的人口统计学和行为预测因素。
大多数女性久坐不动（LTPA为0 - 666千卡·周⁻¹），只有8%的非裔美国女性（N = 6）、11%的墨西哥裔美国女性（N = 4）和13%的白人女性（N = 55）达到了美国卫生局局长推荐的身体活动水平（即每周大多数日子进行至少30分钟的中等至剧烈身体活动）。有色人种女性、40岁以上女性以及未受过大学教育的女性参与LTPA的水平最低。逻辑回归分析表明，教育程度是白人女性高水平LTPA的唯一显著预测因素（P < 0.01），婚姻状况是少数族裔女性高水平LTPA的唯一显著预测因素（P < 0.001）。年龄、体重指数（BMI；千克·米⁻²）、收入、自我评估健康状况、酒精摄入量和吸烟情况对任何女性群体的高水平LTPA均无显著预测作用。由于该样本中的大多数成年女性未按照美国卫生局局长的建议进行足够量的身体活动，她们患运动不足相关疾病的风险可能会增加。
这些结果表明，旨在增加女性身体活动的公共卫生措施应聚焦于有色人种女性、40岁以上女性以及未获得大学学位的女性。更多关注特定种族或族裔的身体活动预测因素可能会改善干预项目的设计与实施。
