Gopee N V, Adesiyun A A, Caesar K
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
J Wildl Dis. 2000 Apr;36(2):284-93. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.284.
Morbidity and mortality of captive wildlife at the Emperor Valley Zoo, Trinidad from 1993 to 1996 were analysed to determine involvement of Salmonella spp. A 6 mo longitudinal study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy, sick and dead wild mammals, birds, and reptiles. The antibiograms of Salmonella isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Fecal samples randomly selected from animal enclosures and cloacal swabs of snakes were cultured for Salmonella spp. following enrichment in tetrathionate and selenite cystine broths. For the 1993-96 period, Salmonella spp. was implicated in 17 (12%) of 141 sick or dead animals and the predominant serotype was S. typhimurium. During the 6 mo prospective study in a mean animal population of 1,186, there were 20 (2%) and 14 (1%) animals that were sick and died respectively; Salmonella spp. was implicated in only one mortality. Overall, of 1,012 samples from apparently healthy wildlife cultured, 66 (7%) yielded 24 serotypes of Salmonella. The predominant serotype were S. seigburg (16 isolates), S. gaminara (6 isolates), and S. thompson (6 isolates). None of the samples yielded S. typhimurium. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella spp. in reptiles (14%) was significantly higher than found in either mammals (7%) or birds (3%). Sixty-five (99%) of 66 Salmonella spp. isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of the nine antimicrobial agents tested. Resistance was high to cephalothin (92%), moderate to streptomycin (35%) and tetracycline (29%), but significantly low to gentamicin (2%), chloramphenicol (0%), and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (0%). The prevalence of asymptomatic infections by Salmonella spp. in zoo animals was high and the very high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance could be a problem when treating salmonellosis.
对1993年至1996年特立尼达皇帝谷动物园圈养野生动物的发病率和死亡率进行了分析，以确定沙门氏菌属的感染情况。开展了一项为期6个月的纵向研究，以确定从看似健康、患病和死亡的野生哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物中分离出沙门氏菌属的频率。使用纸片扩散法测定沙门氏菌分离株的抗菌谱。从动物围栏中随机选取粪便样本，并对蛇的泄殖腔拭子进行培养，经四硫磺酸盐和亚硒酸盐胱氨酸肉汤增菌后检测沙门氏菌属。在1993 - 1996年期间，141只患病或死亡动物中有17只（12%）与沙门氏菌属有关，主要血清型为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。在为期6个月的前瞻性研究中，平均动物数量为1186只，分别有20只（2%）动物患病和14只（1%）动物死亡；沙门氏菌属仅与1例死亡有关。总体而言，在对看似健康的野生动物培养的1012份样本中，66份（7%）培养出24种沙门氏菌血清型。主要血清型为西格堡沙门氏菌（16株）、加米纳拉沙门氏菌（6株）和汤普森沙门氏菌（6株）。所有样本均未培养出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。沙门氏菌属在爬行动物中的分离频率（14%）显著高于哺乳动物（7%）或鸟类（3%）。66株沙门氏菌属分离株中有65株（99%）对所检测的9种抗菌药物中的一种或多种表现出耐药性。对头孢噻吩的耐药性较高（92%），对链霉素（35%）和四环素（29%）的耐药性中等，但对庆大霉素（2%）、氯霉素（0%）和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（0%）的耐药性显著较低。动物园动物中沙门氏菌属无症状感染的患病率较高，而且抗菌药物耐药性的高患病率在治疗沙门氏菌病时可能是一个问题。
