Mattina M J, Iannucci-Berger W, Dykas L
Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2000 May;48(5):1909-15. doi: 10.1021/jf990566a.
Chlordane is a member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a group of chemicals characterized by extremely long residence in the environment after application. Technical chlordane, composed of a large number of components, is a synthetic organochlorine substance that was used primarily as an insecticide. Uptake by root crops of persistent soil residues of chlordane was noted early in the chronology of the material. The present report is the first comprehensive study of the uptake of weathered soil residues of chlordane and its translocation throughout the tissues of food crops under both greenhouse and field conditions. The data show that for all 12 crops chlordane is not limited to root tissue but is translocated from the root to some of the aerial tissues. Chlordane accumulation in edible aerial tissue appears to be dependent on plant physiology. As expected, chlordane was detected in the edible root tissue of the three root crops examined, carrots, beets, and potatoes. In the remaining crops chlordane was detected in the edible aerial tissue of spinach, lettuce, dandelion, and zucchini, whereas it was not detected in edible aerial tissue of tomatoes, peppers, and corn; trace amounts of chlordane were detected in the edible aerial tissue of bush beans and eggplant. Under the conditions of the field trial the data indicate that for weathered chlordane residues, the soil-to-plant uptake route dominates over the air-to-plant uptake route. This is the case even when the soil concentration of the recalcitrant, weathered residues, for which volatilization is expected to be minimal, is as high as it would be directly following application. Greenhouse trials confirm this observation for zucchini, a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, which bioaccumulates weathered chlordane very efficiently in its edible fruits.
氯丹是持久性有机污染物（POPs）的一种，这类化学物质的特点是施用后在环境中的存留时间极长。技术级氯丹由大量成分组成，是一种合成有机氯物质，主要用作杀虫剂。在该物质使用初期就已注意到氯丹在土壤中的残留会被块根作物吸收。本报告首次全面研究了氯丹在风化土壤中的残留及其在温室和田间条件下在粮食作物各组织中的转运情况。数据表明，在所有12种作物中，氯丹不仅局限于根部组织，还会从根部转运到一些地上组织。氯丹在可食用地上组织中的积累似乎取决于植物生理。正如预期的那样，在所检测的三种块根作物（胡萝卜、甜菜和土豆）的可食用根部组织中检测到了氯丹。在其余作物中，菠菜、生菜、蒲公英和西葫芦的可食用地上组织中检测到了氯丹，而西红柿、辣椒和玉米的可食用地上组织中未检测到；菜豆和茄子的可食用地上组织中检测到了痕量氯丹。田间试验数据表明，对于风化的氯丹残留，土壤到植物的吸收途径比空气到植物的吸收途径占主导地位。即使对于难降解的风化残留，其土壤浓度在施用后本应是最高的，且预期挥发极小，情况也是如此。温室试验证实了这一观察结果，西葫芦是葫芦科植物，其可食用果实能非常有效地生物累积风化氯丹。
