Peebles E D, Zumwalt C D, Doyle S M, Gerard P D, Latour M A, Boyle C R, Smith T W
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762-9665, USA.
Poult Sci. 2000 May;79(5):629-39. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.5.629.
The effects of added dietary fat type and level on broiler breeder performance were evaluated in two trials. In Trial 1, diets included no added fat (NAF) or 3.0% added poultry fat (PF) for individual bird energy intakes of 430 and 467 kcal/d at peak production (PCD), or 1.5% PF or 3.0% corn oil (CO) at 449 PCD. In Trial 2, diets contained NAF, 1.5 or 3.0% added CO or PF, or 3.0% lard (LA) for peak energy intakes of 463 PCD. All diets in Trial 2 were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feeding of experimental diets was initiated when breeders were 22 wk old in both trials, and hen BW was measured at various weeks between 22 and 47 wk in Trial 1 and between 27 and 65 wk in Trial 2. Egg production, egg weight (EW), eggshell quality, and hatchability were recorded at various weeks between 24 and 48 wk in Trial 1 and between 27 and 64 wk in Trial 2. Body weights and EW increased progressively, and eggshell quality fluctuated variably with age. Egg production peaked between Weeks 32 and 35, and hatchability was significantly depressed at Week 63. Egg weight and hatchability were not affected by dietary treatment; however, BW increased with energy level in the diet between Weeks 27 and 47. Body weight was also higher in birds fed 1.5 or 3.0% added fat compared with NAF and was higher in birds fed LA compared with CO at the 3.0% level. Egg specific gravity and shell weight per unit of surface area at Week 41 were increased by feeding low or high energy compared with moderate energy, and relative eggshell conductance was increased by using moderate compared with high energy diets and by feeding 1.5% PF compared with 3.0% PF. Egg specific gravity was increased by PF when compared with CO across fat level at Weeks 26 and 47 and by LA when compared with PF across fat level and breeder age. These data suggest that certain dietary energy and fat regimens may affect BW and eggshell quality without associated effects on EW and hatchability at various breeder ages.
在两项试验中评估了添加的日粮脂肪类型和水平对肉种鸡生产性能的影响。在试验1中，日粮包括不添加脂肪（NAF）或添加3.0%家禽脂肪（PF），以使产蛋高峰期（PCD）每只鸡的能量摄入量分别为430和467千卡/天，或在449日龄产蛋高峰期添加1.5% PF或3.0%玉米油（CO）。在试验2中，日粮含有NAF、添加1.5%或3.0%的CO或PF，或添加3.0%猪油（LA），以使产蛋高峰期能量摄入量为463千卡/天。试验2中的所有日粮均为等热量和等氮量。在两项试验中，当种鸡22周龄时开始饲喂试验日粮，在试验1中，于22至47周龄期间的不同周测定母鸡体重，在试验2中，于27至65周龄期间的不同周测定母鸡体重。在试验1中，于24至48周龄期间的不同周记录产蛋量、蛋重（EW）、蛋壳质量和孵化率，在试验2中，于27至64周龄期间的不同周记录产蛋量、蛋重（EW）、蛋壳质量和孵化率。体重和蛋重随年龄逐渐增加，蛋壳质量随年龄变化波动。产蛋量在第32至35周达到峰值，在第63周孵化率显著下降。蛋重和孵化率不受日粮处理的影响；然而，在27至47周龄期间，体重随日粮能量水平的增加而增加。与NAF相比，添加1.5%或3.0%脂肪的鸡体重也更高，与3.0%水平的CO相比，饲喂LA的鸡体重更高。与中等能量相比，饲喂低能量或高能量日粮可使41周龄时的蛋比重和单位表面积蛋壳重量增加，与高能量日粮相比，使用中等能量日粮以及与3.0% PF相比，饲喂1.5% PF可使相对蛋壳传导率增加。在26周龄和47周龄时，与CO相比，PF可增加蛋比重，在不同脂肪水平和种鸡年龄下，与PF相比，LA可增加蛋比重。这些数据表明，某些日粮能量和脂肪方案可能会影响体重和蛋壳质量，而在不同种鸡年龄下对蛋重和孵化率无相关影响。
