Peebles E D, Zumwalt C D, Doyle S M, Gerard P D, Latour M A, Boyle C R, Smith T W
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762-9665, USA.
Poult Sci. 2000 May;79(5):698-704. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.5.698.
The effects of breeder age and added dietary fat source and level on broiler hatching egg characteristics were evaluated. Diets included no added fat (NAF) or 3.0% added poultry fat (PF) for peak energy intakes of 430 and 467 kcal/hen-day (PCD) or 1.5% PF or 3.0% corn oil (CO) at 449 PCD. As added dietary fat was changed from CO to PF, the percentage of unsaturated dietary fatty acids, including linoleic acid, decreased. Feeding of experimental diets was initiated when breeders were 22 wk old. Total fresh egg weight; eggshell weight; percentages of yolk (PYK), albumen (PAB), and eggshell (PSHL) weights; and yolk:albumen ratio were measured at various weeks between 26 and 47 wk of age. Egg weight increased progressively with hen age. Significant increases in yolk:albumen ratio occurred between Weeks 26 and 31 and between Weeks 31 and 35. Low (430 PCD) dietary energy levels significantly reduced PYK at 35 wk and increased PAB across breeder age. Eggshell weight was lower in birds fed moderate (449 PCD) compared to low energy levels at Week 26, moderate compared to high (467 PCD) energy levels at Week 41, and PF compared to CO across fat level at Week 31. At Weeks 31 and 41, PSHL was increased by the use of 3.0% PF compared to 1.5%, and PSHL was increased at Weeks 26 and 41 by using added PF compared to CO across fat level. Increased dietary energy decreased PAB and the use of added dietary CO rather than PF decreased PSHL in broiler breeders between 26 and 47 wk of age.
评估了种鸡年龄、添加的日粮脂肪来源和水平对肉种鸡孵化蛋特性的影响。日粮包括不添加脂肪（NAF）或添加3.0%家禽脂肪（PF），以分别达到430和467千卡/母鸡日（PCD）的峰值能量摄入量，或在449 PCD时添加1.5% PF或3.0%玉米油（CO）。随着日粮中添加的脂肪从CO变为PF，包括亚油酸在内的不饱和日粮脂肪酸百分比降低。当种鸡22周龄时开始饲喂实验日粮。在26至47周龄的不同周龄测量了总鲜蛋重、蛋壳重、蛋黄（PYK）、蛋白（PAB）和蛋壳（PSHL）重量的百分比以及蛋黄:蛋白比例。蛋重随着母鸡年龄的增长而逐渐增加。在第26周和第31周之间以及第31周和第35周之间，蛋黄:蛋白比例显著增加。低（430 PCD）日粮能量水平在35周龄时显著降低了PYK，并在整个种鸡年龄范围内增加了PAB。在第26周时，与低能量水平相比，饲喂中等（449 PCD）能量水平的鸡的蛋壳重较低；在第41周时，与高（467 PCD）能量水平相比，中等能量水平的较低；在第31周时，与CO相比，PF组的蛋壳重较低。在第31周和第41周时，使用3.0% PF相比1.5%增加了PSHL，在第26周和第41周时，与CO相比，在整个脂肪水平上使用添加的PF增加了PSHL。在26至47周龄的肉种鸡中，日粮能量增加会降低PAB，使用添加的日粮CO而非PF会降低PSHL。
