Pappas A C, Acamovic T, Sparks N H C, Surai P F, McDevitt R M
Avian Science Research Centre, Animal Health Group, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
Poult Sci. 2006 Sep;85(9):1584-93. doi: 10.1093/ps/85.9.1584.
The effects of supplementing broiler breeder diets with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and organoselenium compounds on fertility, hatchability, and the weight of 1-d-old chicks was assessed. Prepeak (23 wk) and peak (27 wk) production breeders were fed 1 of 4 diets: a wheat-based commercial breeder diet with 55 g/kg of either soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), but no added Se (only that originating from feed ingredients), and each diet with added Se as Sel-Plex (SO + Se, FO + Se). The diets were designed to contain <0.1 mg/kg of Se and about 0.5 mg/kg of Se for the nonsupplemented (no added Se) and the supplemented diets, respectively. The Se concentration of the eggshell of the hatching egg was measured. The concentration of Se, PUFA, and total lipid content of the brain and liver of the 1-d-old chick was determined. The number of fertile eggs increased, embryonic mortality decreased, and hatchability increased as hen age increased from 23 to 27 wk. The Se concentration in the eggshell and the brain and liver of 1-d-old chicks was higher in the high-Se treatments com pared with the concentration in the low-Se treatments. Fish oil inclusion in the breeder diet increased embryonic mortality in wk 3 of incubation and reduced both hatchability and 1-d-old chick weight in hens of both ages. The addition of Se to the FO diets ameliorated some of these adverse effects, because chicks hatched from eggs laid by 23-wk-old breeders of the FO + Se treatment were heavier than those receiving the FO treatment. The Se concentration in the brain and liver of chicks from the FO hens was higher than that in chicks from the SO hens. The concentration of docosahexaenoic fatty acid was higher in the liver of chicks from the SO + Se treatment compared with that of chicks from the SO treatment, indicating possible protective effects of Se. Hatchability was decreased by increased PUFA and was higher in 27-wk-old compared with 23-wk-old breeders.
评估了在肉种鸡日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和有机硒化合物对繁殖力、孵化率以及1日龄雏鸡体重的影响。对产蛋前期（23周龄）和产蛋高峰期（27周龄）的种鸡饲喂4种日粮中的1种：以小麦为基础的商业种鸡日粮，添加55 g/kg的大豆油（SO）或鱼油（FO），但不添加硒（仅含饲料原料中的硒），每种日粮再添加作为赛乐硒（Sel-Plex）的硒（SO + Se、FO + Se）。日粮设计为非添加组（不添加硒）含硒量<0.1 mg/kg，添加组日粮含硒量约为0.5 mg/kg。测定了孵化蛋的蛋壳硒浓度。测定了1日龄雏鸡脑和肝脏中的硒浓度、PUFA含量以及总脂质含量。随着母鸡年龄从23周龄增加到27周龄，受精蛋数量增加，胚胎死亡率降低，孵化率提高。与低硒处理相比，高硒处理的蛋壳以及1日龄雏鸡脑和肝脏中的硒浓度更高。种鸡日粮中添加鱼油会增加孵化第3周的胚胎死亡率，并降低两个年龄母鸡的孵化率和1日龄雏鸡体重。在鱼油日粮中添加硒改善了其中一些不良影响，因为23周龄饲喂FO + Se处理的种鸡所产蛋孵化出的雏鸡比接受FO处理的雏鸡更重。FO组母鸡所产雏鸡脑和肝脏中的硒浓度高于SO组母鸡所产雏鸡。与SO处理的雏鸡相比，SO + Se处理的雏鸡肝脏中二十二碳六烯酸的浓度更高，表明硒可能具有保护作用。PUFA增加会降低孵化率，27周龄种鸡的孵化率高于23周龄种鸡。
