Franck L S, Greenberg C S, Stevens B
School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, England.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000 Jun;47(3):487-512. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70222-4.
The science of pain assessment for infants and children has grown substantially in the past several decades to the point that valid and reliable methods for pain assessment are available for use in clinical settings. Accurate pain assessment requires consideration of children's developmental level, type of pain experienced, history and context of pain, family influences, and interaction with the health care team. Research is needed to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and generalizability of pain-assessment tools and to more fully incorporate contextual factors into the objective assessment process. Finally, the improvement of pain assessment in the clinical setting can be viewed as a patient care quality issue, and continuous quality improvement methods can be used effectively to incorporate pain assessment as an integral component of every infant's and child's health care.
在过去几十年里，婴幼儿疼痛评估科学有了显著发展，以至于在临床环境中已有有效且可靠的疼痛评估方法可供使用。准确的疼痛评估需要考虑儿童的发育水平、所经历疼痛的类型、疼痛的病史和背景、家庭影响以及与医疗团队的互动。需要开展研究以提高疼痛评估工具的敏感性、特异性和通用性，并将背景因素更全面地纳入客观评估过程。最后，临床环境中疼痛评估的改善可被视为患者护理质量问题，持续质量改进方法可有效用于将疼痛评估纳入每个婴幼儿医疗保健的不可或缺组成部分。
