Mikos AG, McIntire LV, Anderson JM, Babensee JE
Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 South Main, Houston, TX 77005, USA
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998 Aug 3;33(1-2):111-139. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00023-4.
The two main components of a tissue engineered device are the transplanted cells and the biomaterial, creating a device for the restoration or modification of tissue or organ function. The implantation of polymer/cell constructs combines concepts of biomaterials and cell transplantation. The interconnections between the host responses to the biomaterial and transplanted cells determines the biocompatibility of the device. This review describes the inflammatory response to the biomaterial component and immune response towards transplanted cells. Emphasis is on how the presence of the transplanted cell construct affects the host response. The inflammatory response towards a biomaterial can impact the immune response towards transplanted cells and vice versa. Immune rejection is the most important host response towards the cellular component of tissue engineered devices containing allogeneic, xenogeneic or immunogenic ex vivo manipulated autologous cells. The immune mechanisms towards allografts and xenografts are outlined to provide a basis for the mechanistic hypotheses of the immune response towards encapsulated cells, with antigen shedding and the indirect pathway of antigen presentation predominating. A review of experimental evidence illustrates examples of the inflammatory response towards biodegradable polymer scaffold materials, examples of devices appropriately integrated as assessed morphologically with the host for various applications including bone, nerve, and skin regeneration, and of the immune response towards encapsulated allogeneic and xenogeneic cells.
组织工程装置的两个主要组成部分是移植细胞和生物材料，它们共同构成了用于恢复或改善组织或器官功能的装置。聚合物/细胞构建体的植入融合了生物材料和细胞移植的概念。宿主对生物材料和移植细胞的反应之间的相互联系决定了该装置的生物相容性。本综述描述了对生物材料成分的炎症反应以及对移植细胞的免疫反应。重点在于移植细胞构建体的存在如何影响宿主反应。对生物材料的炎症反应可影响对移植细胞的免疫反应，反之亦然。免疫排斥是宿主对包含同种异体、异种或免疫原性体外处理自体细胞的组织工程装置的细胞成分最重要的反应。概述了针对同种异体移植物和异种移植物的免疫机制，为针对包封细胞的免疫反应的机制假说提供基础，其中抗原脱落和抗原呈递的间接途径占主导地位。对实验证据的综述展示了对可生物降解聚合物支架材料的炎症反应实例、在包括骨、神经和皮肤再生在内的各种应用中与宿主在形态学上适当整合的装置实例，以及对包封的同种异体和异种细胞的免疫反应实例。
