Zaffaroni E, Teresa Manfredi M, Citterio C, Sala M, Piccolo G, Lanfranchi P
Istituto di Patologia Generale Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2000 Jun 27;90(3):221-30. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00240-5.
Abomasums from 641 alpine wild ruminants representing five different species (Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra ibex, Ovis musimon) and from 19 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from alpine areas were examined in order to investigate the host-specificity of abomasal helminths. Nine out of 20 helminth species were found in at least five different host species. A discriminant analysis was able to significantly discriminate the hosts on the basis of their helminth community composition with the exception of O. musimon and O. aries. Based on the correlation between each variable represented by helminth species with the most explanatory discriminant axis, it was possible to classify helminths into specialists and generalists. Specialists are represented by the dominant species in a community of an host species or family while generalists appear in the communities of many different hosts as intermediate species. Due to the pathogenic potential of some of these generalist species (i.e. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei) and their ability to adapt easily to the conditions found in several different hosts, they appear to be the most important from a sanitary point of view.
为研究皱胃蠕虫的宿主特异性，对来自代表五个不同物种（马鹿、狍、岩羚羊、羱羊、摩弗伦羊）的641只高山野生反刍动物以及来自高山地区的19只家养绵羊（绵羊）的皱胃进行了检查。在20种蠕虫物种中，有9种至少在五个不同宿主物种中被发现。除摩弗伦羊和绵羊外，判别分析能够根据蠕虫群落组成显著区分宿主。基于由蠕虫物种代表的每个变量与最具解释力的判别轴之间的相关性，有可能将蠕虫分为 specialists 和 generalists。Specialists 由宿主物种或科的群落中的优势物种代表，而 generalists 作为中间物种出现在许多不同宿主的群落中。由于其中一些 generalist 物种（如捻转血矛线虫、奥氏类圆线虫）的致病潜力以及它们易于适应几种不同宿主中发现的条件的能力，从卫生角度来看，它们似乎是最重要的。
