Watson N T, Weiss E L, Harter P M
Stanford University/Kaiser Permanente Emergency Medicine Residency Program and Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2000 May;25(3):186-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00609.x.
Recent studies suggest that histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of urticaria. This study was conducted to determine whether famotidine, a H2 antagonist, is effective in the treatment of acute urticaria and compare its effect with that of the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine. In this prospective, double-blind, controlled trial, 25 patients with urticaria of less than 72 h duration were randomized to receive a single dose of either famotidine 20 mg i.m. or diphenhydramine 50 mg i.m. Prior to treatment and 30 min after treatment, patients rated pruritus and sedation using visual analogue scales, while physicians evaluated intensity of urticaria and percentage of body surface area involved by urticaria. Famotidine was found to reduce pruritus associated with acute urticaria, intensity of urticaria, and body surface area affected by urticaria without causing sedation. Famotidine was comparable to diphenhydramine in efficacy; however, there was a (nonsignificant) trend for diphenhydramine to be more effective than famotidine in the treatment of pruritus, and for famotidine to be more effective in the reduction of surface area of involvement. It is concluded that famotidine merits further investigation as a potential medication for treatment of urticaria.
近期研究表明，组胺H2受体拮抗剂可能对荨麻疹的治疗有用。本研究旨在确定H2拮抗剂法莫替丁治疗急性荨麻疹是否有效，并将其疗效与H1拮抗剂苯海拉明进行比较。在这项前瞻性、双盲、对照试验中，将25例病程少于72小时的荨麻疹患者随机分为两组，分别接受单剂量的法莫替丁20毫克肌肉注射或苯海拉明50毫克肌肉注射。治疗前及治疗后30分钟，患者使用视觉模拟量表对瘙痒和镇静程度进行评分，同时医生评估荨麻疹的严重程度及荨麻疹累及的体表面积百分比。结果发现，法莫替丁可减轻与急性荨麻疹相关的瘙痒、荨麻疹严重程度及受荨麻疹影响的体表面积，且不会引起镇静作用。法莫替丁的疗效与苯海拉明相当；然而，在治疗瘙痒方面，苯海拉明有（不显著的）趋势比法莫替丁更有效，而在减少受累表面积方面，法莫替丁更有效。结论是，法莫替丁作为治疗荨麻疹的潜在药物值得进一步研究。
