Matthews K A, Räikkönen K, Everson S A, Flory J D, Marco C A, Owens J F, Lloyd C E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Psychosom Med. 2000 May-Jun;62(3):346-53. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200005000-00008.
This study evaluated the influence of occupational prestige and work strain on mood, the occurrence of interpersonal conflict, and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate.
Participants were 50 men and 50 women matched for occupational prestige who were healthy and middle-aged and who completed measures of mood and conflict simultaneously with measures of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate recorded every 30 minutes during waking hours of two workdays and one nonworkday; at the end of each day, overall ratings were made. Work strain was assessed by the Work Section of the Self-Evaluation and Social Support Interview Schedule. Multiple level random regression coefficients analyses were conducted.
Men and women with low-prestige occupations experienced more interpersonal conflict, b = -0.03, p = .04, and higher ambulatory heart rate, b = -4.83, p = .004, throughout the three days of the study. Relative to those with low work strain, those reporting high work strain experienced negative emotion, b = -0.41, p < .0001, and boredom, b = -0.17, p < .0004. End of the day ratings of negative mood were more influenced by work strain among men than among women. No effects of occupational prestige or work strain were obtained for ambulatory blood pressure readings after adjustment for physical activity, posture, and location.
Individuals in low-prestige occupations experience greater exposure to interpersonal conflict and arousal as indexed by heart rate, which might increase risk for stress-related illnesses often associated with social class. Individuals who report work strain experience negative mood and boredom, both at work and at home. The absence of work effects on ambulatory blood pressure may be due to the participants being healthy.
本研究评估职业声望和工作压力对情绪、人际冲突的发生以及动态血压和心率的影响。
研究对象为50名男性和50名女性，他们在职业声望上相互匹配，均为健康的中年人。在两个工作日和一个非工作日的清醒时间里，他们完成了情绪和冲突测量，同时每30分钟记录一次动态血压和心率；每天结束时进行总体评分。工作压力通过自我评估和社会支持访谈量表的工作部分进行评估。进行了多水平随机回归系数分析。
在研究的三天中，从事低声望职业的男性和女性经历了更多的人际冲突，b = -0.03，p = .04，并且动态心率更高，b = -4.83，p = .004。与工作压力低的人相比，报告工作压力高的人经历了负面情绪，b = -0.41，p < .0001，以及无聊情绪，b = -0.17，p < .0004。男性在一天结束时负面情绪的评分受工作压力的影响比女性更大。在调整了身体活动、姿势和位置后，职业声望或工作压力对动态血压读数没有影响。
从事低声望职业的个体经历更多人际冲突，并表现为心率升高，这可能会增加与社会阶层相关的应激相关疾病的风险。报告有工作压力的个体在工作和家庭中都会经历负面情绪和无聊情绪。工作对动态血压没有影响可能是由于参与者健康。
