National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Dec;71(12):2100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.026. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health has been widely documented. However, the role of occupation in this association is not clear because occupation is less often used than income and education as an indicator of SES, especially in the United States. This may be caused by the ambiguity in what occupation represents: both health-enhancing resources (e.g., self-affirmation) and health-damaging hazards (e.g., job stress). SES has two aspects: resources and status. While income and education represent resources and imply status, occupational prestige is an explicit indicator of the social status afforded by one's occupation. Using data from the US General Social Survey in 2002 and 2006 (n = 3151), we examine whether occupational prestige has a significant association with self-rated health independent from other SES indicators (income, education), occupational categories (e.g., managerial, professional, technical, service), and previously established work-related health determinants (job strain, work place social support, job satisfaction). After all covariates were included in the multiple logistic regression model, higher occupational prestige was associated with lower odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated health. We discuss potential mechanisms through which occupational prestige may impact health. Our findings not only suggest multiple ways that occupation is associated with health, but also highlight the utility of occupational prestige as an SES indicator that explicitly represents social standing.
社会经济地位（SES）与健康之间的关系已被广泛记录。然而，职业在这种关联中的作用尚不清楚，因为职业作为 SES 的指标，其使用频率不如收入和教育高，尤其是在美国。这可能是由于职业所代表的含义不明确造成的：职业既代表了有益于健康的资源（例如，自我肯定），也代表了有害健康的危害（例如，工作压力）。 SES 有两个方面：资源和地位。虽然收入和教育代表了资源，并暗示了地位，但职业声望是一个人职业所赋予的社会地位的明确指标。我们使用了 2002 年和 2006 年美国综合社会调查的数据（n=3151），研究了职业声望是否与其他 SES 指标（收入、教育）、职业类别（如管理、专业、技术、服务）以及先前确定的与工作相关的健康决定因素（工作压力、工作场所社会支持、工作满意度）独立相关，这些因素对自评健康有显著影响。在将所有协变量纳入多项逻辑回归模型后，较高的职业声望与报告较差/一般自评健康的几率较低相关。我们讨论了职业声望可能影响健康的潜在机制。我们的研究结果不仅表明了职业与健康的多种关联方式，而且还强调了职业声望作为 SES 指标的实用性，它明确代表了社会地位。
