Herscovici D, Sanders R W
Orthopedic Trauma Service, Tampa General Hospital, FL, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000 Jun(375):126-32. doi: 10.1097/00003086-200006000-00015.
Radiation is used during orthopaedic surgery in more than 15 million studies performed yearly. The biologic effects of radiation have been shown to inhibit mitosis by producing irrepairable deoxyribonucleic acid double strand breaks or create structural changes by damaging the nucleus, thereby producing potential genetic transmissions. Although human cells are thought to be resistant to malignant change and no studies have shown toxic effects resulting from long-term exposure to low-dose radiation, risks still are assumed. To decrease all risks, radiographic units should undergo periodic calibration, surgeons should wear protective devices, increase their working distance from the x-ray beam, and limit their duration of radiation exposure by making certain that they follow the guidelines set forth by the National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurement.
每年超过1500万例的骨科手术中都会使用辐射。辐射的生物学效应已被证明可通过产生不可修复的脱氧核糖核酸双链断裂来抑制有丝分裂，或通过损伤细胞核产生结构变化，从而产生潜在的基因传递。尽管人们认为人类细胞对恶性变化具有抗性，且尚无研究表明长期暴露于低剂量辐射会产生毒性作用，但风险仍然存在。为降低所有风险，射线照相设备应定期校准，外科医生应佩戴防护装置，增加与X射线束的工作距离，并通过确保遵循国家辐射防护与测量委员会制定的指南来限制其辐射暴露时间。
