Voller A, Bidwell D E, Bartlett A
Bull World Health Organ. 1976;53(1):55-65.
Serological methods are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and epidemiological assessment of diseases. Simple, inexpensive methods for large-scale application are urgently needed. The enzyme immunoassay methods developed recently and reviewed here hold great promise for application in a wide variety of conditions. Under laboratory conditions they can be as sensitive as radio-immunoassay, but they can also be adapted as simple field screening procedures. These methods are based on the use of antibodies or antigens that are linked to an insoluble carrier surface. This is then used to "capture" the relevant antigen or antibody in the test solution and the complex is detected by means of an enzyme-labelled antibody or antigen. The degradation of the enzyme substrate, measured photometrically, is proportional to the concentration of the unknown "antibody" or "antigen" in the test solution. The application of these techniques to endocrinology, immunopathology, haematology, microbiology, and parasitology is reviewed.
血清学方法在疾病的诊断和流行病学评估中发挥着越来越重要的作用。迫切需要适用于大规模应用的简单、廉价的方法。本文所综述的近期开发的酶免疫测定方法在各种情况下都有很大的应用前景。在实验室条件下，它们可以与放射免疫测定一样灵敏，但也可以改编为简单的现场筛查程序。这些方法基于与不溶性载体表面相连的抗体或抗原的使用。然后用它来“捕获”测试溶液中的相关抗原或抗体，并通过酶标记的抗体或抗原检测复合物。通过光度法测量的酶底物降解与测试溶液中未知“抗体”或“抗原”的浓度成正比。本文综述了这些技术在内分泌学、免疫病理学、血液学、微生物学和寄生虫学中的应用。
