Gasnier B
CNRS UPR 1929, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France.
Biochimie. 2000 Apr;82(4):327-37. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00221-2.
Classical (non-peptide) transmitters are stored into secretory vesicles by a secondary active transporter driven by a V-type H(+)-ATPase. Five vesicular neurotransmitter uptake activities have been characterized in vitro and, for three of them, the transporters involved have been identified at the molecular level using cDNA cloning and/or Caenorhabditis elegans genetics. These transporters belong to two protein families, which are both unrelated to the Na(+)-coupled neurotransmitter transporters operating at the plasma membrane. The two isoforms of the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT1 and VMAT2, are related to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT), while a novel, unrelated vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT), also designated vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), is responsible for the storage of GABA, glycine or, at some synapses, both amino acids into synaptic vesicles. The observed effects of experimentally altered levels of VACHT or VMAT2 on synaptic transmission and behavior, as well as the recent awareness that GABAergic or glutamatergic receptors are not always saturated at central synapses, suggest a potential role of vesicular loading in synaptic plasticity.
经典（非肽类）递质通过由V型H(+) - ATP酶驱动的次级主动转运体储存到分泌囊泡中。已在体外鉴定出五种囊泡神经递质摄取活性，其中三种摄取活性所涉及的转运体已通过cDNA克隆和/或秀丽隐杆线虫遗传学在分子水平上得以确定。这些转运体属于两个蛋白家族，它们均与在质膜上起作用的Na(+)偶联神经递质转运体无关。哺乳动物囊泡单胺转运体的两种同工型VMAT1和VMAT2与囊泡乙酰胆碱转运体（VACHT）相关，而一种新型的、不相关的囊泡抑制性氨基酸转运体（VIAAT），也称为囊泡GABA转运体（VGAT），负责将GABA、甘氨酸或在某些突触中这两种氨基酸储存到突触囊泡中。实验改变VACHT或VMAT2水平对突触传递和行为的影响，以及最近认识到GABA能或谷氨酸能受体在中枢突触处并不总是饱和的，这表明囊泡装载在突触可塑性中可能发挥作用。
