Roe B, Doll H
Institute of Human Ageing, University of Liverpool, England.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 1999 Nov;26(6):312-3, 315-9. doi: 10.1016/s1071-5754(99)90067-0.
To compare health and lifestyle factors of people with and without urinary incontinence (UI).
A postal survey was undertaken that represents the first of a 3-stage project designed to evaluate the health interventions of primary health care teams and continence advisory services on patient outcomes related to UI.
Two random samples of adult populations (N = 12,529) were included, generated from the family physician patient registers within 2 health authorities in England.
Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that queried demography, perceived health status, activities of daily living, self-care, and use of local health and social services. Information was also collected on past and present continence status.
Structured questionnaires and a cover letter were mailed to the target population. Two reminders were sent to nonresponders to maximize the response rate.
The main measures relate to factors associated with UI: mobility, sleep, childbirth, smoking, diet, body mass index, and accommodation.
Significantly more women than men had UI (P < .0001). Respondents with UI were older than those who were continent (P < .0001). Women with UI were significantly more likely to have a greater number of pregnancies (P < .0001), were more likely to have given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 lb (P < .01), and to have had more than 4 children (P = .01) compared with women who were continent. People with UI were less likely to be single and more likely to be widowed than those who were continent (P < .0001). People who lived alone and who had UI were also significantly less likely to have a relative or friend that they could depend on for help than those who were continent (P < .001). UI was also found to be significantly associated with impaired mobility (P < .0001) and sleeping difficulties (P < .0001). No meaningful differences were found between diet and UI, although significantly more people with UI had higher mean body mass index, were obese, or reported that they felt too heavy for their height when compared with people who were continent (P < .0001). No association was found in the present study with smoking or ethnicity and UI.
Key health and lifestyle factors associated with UI included age, gender, childbirth, mobility, sleep patterns, obesity, living alone, and access to help. These factors should be assessed when planning and implementing health care for persons with UI. Attention to these associated factors may prove useful in identifying new cases or people at risk of developing UI when screening people as part of routine health checks. This, in turn, could assist with targeting effective and efficient health care but may also contribute to prevention for some people.
比较有无尿失禁（UI）人群的健康和生活方式因素。
进行了一项邮寄调查，这是一个三阶段项目的第一步，该项目旨在评估初级卫生保健团队的健康干预措施以及尿失禁咨询服务对与尿失禁相关的患者结局的影响。
纳入了从英格兰两个卫生当局的家庭医生患者登记册中随机抽取的两个成年人群样本（N = 12,529）。
使用结构化问卷收集数据，该问卷询问了人口统计学、自我感知的健康状况、日常生活活动、自我护理以及当地卫生和社会服务的使用情况。还收集了过去和当前的尿失禁状况信息。
将结构化问卷和一封附信邮寄给目标人群。向未回复者发送了两次提醒，以尽量提高回复率。
主要指标涉及与尿失禁相关的因素：活动能力、睡眠、分娩、吸烟、饮食、体重指数和居住情况。
尿失禁的女性明显多于男性（P <.0001）。有尿失禁的受访者比没有尿失禁的受访者年龄更大（P <.0001）。与没有尿失禁的女性相比，有尿失禁的女性怀孕次数明显更多（P <.0001），生下体重超过9磅婴儿的可能性更大（P <.01），并且生育4个以上孩子的可能性更大（P =.01）。有尿失禁的人比没有尿失禁的人更不可能单身，更可能丧偶（P <.0001）。与没有尿失禁的人相比，独居且有尿失禁的人也明显更不可能有可以依靠其获得帮助的亲属或朋友（P <.001）。还发现尿失禁与活动能力受损（P <.0001）和睡眠困难（P <.0001）显著相关。饮食与尿失禁之间未发现有意义的差异，尽管与没有尿失禁的人相比，有尿失禁的人平均体重指数更高、肥胖或报告感觉自己的身高对应的体重过重的比例明显更高（P <.0001）。在本研究中未发现吸烟、种族与尿失禁之间存在关联。
与尿失禁相关的关键健康和生活方式因素包括年龄、性别、分娩、活动能力、睡眠模式、肥胖、独居和获得帮助的机会。在为尿失禁患者规划和实施医疗保健时应评估这些因素。在作为常规健康检查的一部分对人群进行筛查时，关注这些相关因素可能有助于识别新病例或有发展为尿失禁风险的人群。反过来，这有助于针对性地提供有效且高效的医疗保健，也可能对一些人起到预防作用。
