Furness J B
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Parkville, Australia.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000 Jul 3;81(1-3):87-96. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1838(00)00127-2.
This paper, written for the symposium in honour of more than 40 years' contribution to autonomic research by Professor Geoffrey Burnstock, highlights the progress made in understanding the organisation of the enteric nervous system over this time. Forty years ago, the prevailing view was that the neurons within the gut wall were post-ganglionic neurons of parasympathetic pathways. This view was replaced as evidence accrued that the neurons are part of the enteric nervous system and are involved in reflex and integrative activities that can occur even in the absence of neuronal influence from extrinsic sources. Work in Burnstock's laboratory led to the discovery of intrinsic inhibitory neurons with then novel pharmacology of transmission, and precipitated investigation of neuron types in the enteric nervous system. All the types of neurons in the enteric nervous system of the small intestine of the guinea-pig have now been identified in terms of their morphologies, projections, primary neurotransmitters and physiological identification. In this region there are 14 functionally defined neuron types, each with a characteristic combination of morphological, neurochemical and biophysical properties. The nerve circuits underlying effects on motility, blood flow and secretion that are mediated through the enteric nervous system are constructed from these neurons. The circuits for simple motility reflexes are now known, and progress has been made in analysing those involved in local control of blood flow and transmucosal fluid movement in the small intestine.
本文是为纪念杰弗里·伯纳斯托克教授对自主神经研究40多年的贡献而撰写的研讨会论文，重点介绍了这段时间内在理解肠神经系统组织方面取得的进展。四十年前，普遍的观点是肠壁内的神经元是副交感神经通路的节后神经元。随着越来越多的证据表明这些神经元是肠神经系统的一部分，并且参与即使在没有外在神经影响的情况下也能发生的反射和整合活动，这种观点被取代。伯纳斯托克实验室的工作导致发现了具有当时新颖传递药理学的内在抑制性神经元，并促使人们对肠神经系统中的神经元类型进行研究。现在，豚鼠小肠肠神经系统中的所有神经元类型都已根据其形态、投射、主要神经递质和生理学特征得以确定。在这个区域有14种功能明确的神经元类型，每种类型都具有形态、神经化学和生物物理特性的独特组合。通过肠神经系统介导的对运动、血流和分泌的影响所基于的神经回路是由这些神经元构建而成的。现在已经知道了简单运动反射的回路，并且在分析参与小肠血流局部控制和跨粘膜液体流动的回路方面也取得了进展。
