Ralevic V
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000 Jul 3;81(1-3):205-11. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1838(00)00139-9.
Arterial pressure depends on the level of activity of sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to blood vessels. This activity is generated in the central nervous system, and involves inputs from a variety of brain regions projecting to sympathetic preganglionic neurones. Of especial interest are a group of neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), as they have been demonstrated to have a fundamental role in reflex regulation of the cardiovascular system, and in generation of tonic drive to sympathetic outflow. Sympathetic outflow to blood vessels is additionally modulated at sympathetic ganglia, and at the peripheral terminals of sympathetic nerves. This review considers the role of P2 purine receptors in this neural pathway. Ionotropic P2X receptors are expressed in the RVLM, in sympathetic ganglia, and at the sympathetic neuromuscular junction, and mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, indicating a general role for ATP as a regulator of sympathetic vasomotor tone. P2Y receptors couple to G proteins and mediate slower signalling to ATP; they have been reported to inhibit prejunctionally neurotransmission at the peripheral terminals of sympathetic nerves, but little is known about their possible role in the central nervous system and in sympathetic ganglia.
动脉血压取决于交感缩血管神经传出纤维向血管的活动水平。这种活动在中枢神经系统产生，涉及从各种脑区投射到交感神经节前神经元的输入。延髓头端腹外侧区（RVLM）的一组神经元特别受关注，因为它们已被证明在心血管系统的反射调节以及对交感神经传出的紧张性驱动的产生中起基本作用。对血管的交感神经传出在交感神经节以及交感神经的外周终末还受到调节。本综述探讨P2嘌呤受体在该神经通路中的作用。离子型P2X受体在RVLM、交感神经节以及交感神经肌肉接头中表达，并介导快速兴奋性神经传递，表明ATP作为交感血管运动张力调节剂的普遍作用。P2Y受体与G蛋白偶联并介导对ATP的较慢信号传导；据报道它们在交感神经外周终末对神经传递起节前抑制作用，但对其在中枢神经系统和交感神经节中的可能作用了解甚少。
