Hautefort I, Hinton J C
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000 May 29;355(1397):601-11. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0601.
The complexities of bacterial gene expression during mammalian infection cannot be addressed by in vitro experiments. We know that the infected host represents a complex and dynamic environment, which is modified during the infection process, presenting a variety of stimuli to which the pathogen must respond if it is to be successful. This response involves hundreds of ivi (in vivo-induced) genes which have recently been identified in animal and cell culture models using a variety of technologies including in vivo expression technology, differential fluorescence induction, subtractive hybridization and differential display. Proteomic analysis is beginning to be used to identify IVI proteins, and has benefited from the availability of genome sequences for increasing numbers of bacterial pathogens. The patterns of bacterial gene expression during infection remain to be investigated. Are ivi genes expressed in an organ-specific or cell-type-specific fashion? New approaches are required to answer these questions. The uses of the immunologically based in vivo antigen technology system, in situ PCR and DNA microarray analysis are considered. This review considers existing methods for examining bacterial gene expression in vivo, and describes emerging approaches that should further our understanding in the future.
体外实验无法解决哺乳动物感染期间细菌基因表达的复杂性问题。我们知道，受感染的宿主代表了一个复杂且动态的环境，该环境在感染过程中会发生改变，会呈现出各种刺激，病原体若要成功就必须对这些刺激做出反应。这种反应涉及数百个体内诱导（ivi）基因，这些基因最近已在动物和细胞培养模型中通过多种技术得以鉴定，包括体内表达技术、差异荧光诱导、消减杂交和差异显示。蛋白质组学分析开始用于鉴定IVI蛋白，并且受益于越来越多细菌病原体基因组序列的可得性。感染期间细菌基因表达的模式仍有待研究。ivi基因是以器官特异性还是细胞类型特异性方式表达？需要新的方法来回答这些问题。文中考虑了基于免疫的体内抗原技术系统、原位PCR和DNA微阵列分析的用途。本综述探讨了用于检测体内细菌基因表达的现有方法，并描述了有望在未来增进我们理解的新兴方法。
