Knox B
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2000;56(1):97-109. doi: 10.1258/0007142001903003.
The study of risk perception has been punctuated with controversy, conflict and paradigm shifts. Despite more than three decades of research, understanding of risk assessment remains fragmented and incoherent. Until recently, food and eating has been viewed as a low-risk activity and perceived risk surrounded matters of hygiene or lack of food. Consequently, theories of risk have been constructed with reference to environmental and technological hazards, such as nuclear power, whilst neglecting food issues. However, following a decade of 'food scares', attention has moved towards the study of food risk. Within this, food risk research has focused almost exclusively upon attempting to explain the divergence of opinion that exists between experts and the lay public whilst neglecting to address it. The following discussion provides a brief historical overview of theories and approaches that have been applied to the study of risk perception, continues with a summary of findings derived from food risk research and concludes with a discussion of methodological issues and some projections for future research.
风险认知的研究一直充满争议、冲突和范式转变。尽管经过了三十多年的研究，但对风险评估的理解仍然零散且缺乏连贯性。直到最近，食物和饮食都被视为低风险活动，人们所感知到的风险围绕着卫生问题或食物短缺。因此，风险理论的构建参考了环境和技术危害，如核能，而忽略了食物问题。然而，在经历了十年的“食品恐慌”之后，注意力已转向食品风险研究。在此范围内，食品风险研究几乎完全集中在试图解释专家与普通公众之间存在的意见分歧，而忽略了如何解决这一分歧。以下讨论简要回顾了应用于风险认知研究的理论和方法的历史概况，接着总结了食品风险研究的结果，最后讨论了方法论问题以及对未来研究的一些预测。
