Modesto-Lowe V, Kranzler H R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 1999;23(2):144-9.
Psychiatric disorders occur more often among alcoholics than among the general population. The psychiatric disorders that alcoholics most frequently experience include mood disorders (e.g., depression), anxiety disorders, and antisocial personality disorder. The evaluation of psychiatric symptoms in alcoholic patients is complicated by the multiple relationships that exist among heavy drinking, psychiatric symptoms, and personality factors. For example, alcoholics with co-occurring depression may be at greater risk of psychosocial problems, relapse, and suicide. Conversely, heavy drinking may produce or worsen symptoms of depression or anxiety. Although clinical experience provides general guidance for treating these patients, further research is needed to develop effective psychosocial and pharmacological therapies aimed at specific combinations of psychiatric and addictive disorders.
与普通人群相比，精神障碍在酗酒者中更为常见。酗酒者最常经历的精神障碍包括情绪障碍（如抑郁症）、焦虑症和反社会人格障碍。酗酒患者精神症状的评估因大量饮酒、精神症状和人格因素之间存在的多重关系而变得复杂。例如，同时患有抑郁症的酗酒者可能面临更大的心理社会问题、复发和自杀风险。相反，大量饮酒可能会产生或加重抑郁或焦虑症状。尽管临床经验为治疗这些患者提供了一般指导，但仍需要进一步研究，以开发针对精神障碍和成瘾性障碍特定组合的有效心理社会和药物治疗方法。
