Drobes D J, Thomas S E
Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 1999;23(3):179-86.
Craving for alcohol is common among alcohol-dependent people. Accordingly, measures to assess craving can play important roles in alcohol research as well as in alcoholism treatment. When developing or employing craving-assessment instruments, researchers and clinicians must consider numerous factors, such as the specific characteristics of craving to be evaluated, the instrument's psychometric properties, and the timeframe over which craving is assessed. The measures most commonly used for assessing craving in clinical settings are single-item questionnaires, although several multi-item questionnaires also have been developed. Behavioral measures (e.g., amount of alcohol consumption or performance on cognitive tests) and psychophysiological measures (e.g., changes in salivation, respiration, or heart rate) are being used primarily in research settings. The assessment of craving can have numerous clinical benefits, such as helping the clinician to evaluate the severity of a patient's alcohol dependence, to select appropriate treatment approaches, and to monitor changes throughout a patient's treatment. The role of craving assessment in predicting treatment outcome, however, remains controversial.
对酒精的渴望在酒精依赖者中很常见。因此，评估渴望的措施在酒精研究以及酒精成瘾治疗中都能发挥重要作用。在开发或使用渴望评估工具时，研究人员和临床医生必须考虑众多因素，例如要评估的渴望的具体特征、该工具的心理测量特性以及评估渴望的时间范围。临床环境中最常用于评估渴望的措施是单项问卷，不过也开发了一些多项问卷。行为测量（例如饮酒量或认知测试表现）和心理生理测量（例如唾液分泌、呼吸或心率变化）主要用于研究环境。渴望评估可带来诸多临床益处，例如帮助临床医生评估患者酒精依赖的严重程度、选择合适的治疗方法以及监测患者整个治疗过程中的变化。然而，渴望评估在预测治疗结果方面的作用仍存在争议。
