Farkas L G, Forrest C R, Litsas L
Craniofacial Measurements Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2000 May-Jun;24(3):179-84. doi: 10.1007/s002660010029.
The validity of seven neoclassical facial canons was tested in 100 young, adult, Afro-American (A-A) males and females, and the results were compared with 103 North American Caucasians, producing the first reliable information about the differences of facial proportions in the two populations. Although the canons should not be regarded as strict directives in reconstructive and esthetic surgery, the data obtained from the study offered the first information about the facial proportion qualities of Afro-Americans in relation to the white population. In the absence of a detailed facial proportion study in A-As, the findings in canons can assist in planning the surgery. Comparison of the two populations revealed that the three sections of the facial profile were not equal in either population. In an A-A sample it showed the prevalence of the long lower face height also in relation to the height of the forehead. In horizontal canons of the orbital regions, the similarity between the two populations was demonstrated by the great frequency of intercanthal spaces to be wider than the length of the palpebral fissures [1]. The facial canons, including the nose width, relatively wider [2] in A-A than in white subjects, prompted the difference between A-A and Caucasians in frequency and degree in the dominant canon variations. The greater inclination of the nasal bridge than that of the medial longitudinal axis of the ear was a very frequent canon variation in both populations. Generally, the frequency of valid canons was greatly surpassed by their variations.
在100名年轻的成年非裔美国男性和女性中测试了七条新古典面部标准，并将结果与103名北美白种人进行比较，得出了关于这两个人种面部比例差异的首个可靠信息。尽管这些标准在整形和美容手术中不应被视为严格的指导原则，但该研究获得的数据首次提供了非裔美国人与白种人面部比例特征的相关信息。由于缺乏对非裔美国人面部比例的详细研究，标准中的研究结果有助于手术规划。对这两个人种的比较显示，两个人种的面部轮廓三个部分都不相等。在非裔美国人样本中，相对于额头高度，下脸高度较长的情况也很普遍。在眼眶区域的水平标准中，两个人种之间的相似性表现在内眦间距比睑裂长度更宽的情况很常见[1]。包括鼻宽在内的面部标准显示，非裔美国人的鼻宽相对比白种人更宽[2]，这导致了非裔美国人和白种人在主要标准变化的频率和程度上存在差异。鼻梁相对于耳朵内侧纵轴的倾斜度更大，这在两个人种中都是非常常见的标准变化。一般来说，有效标准的频率远远低于其变化的频率。
