Lenz C, Williamson M, Grimmelikhuijzen C J
Department of Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jul 14;273(3):1126-31. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3062.
The insect allatostatins are neurohormones, acting on the corpora allata (where they block the release of juvenile hormone) and on the insect gut (where they block smooth muscle contraction). We screened the "Drosophila Genome Project" database with electronic sequences corresponding to various insect allatostatins. This resulted in alignment with a DNA sequence coding for some Drosophila allatostatins (drostatins). Using PCR with oligonucleotide primers directed against the presumed exons of this Drosophila allatostatin gene and subsequent 3'- and 5'-RACE, we were able to clone its cDNA. The Drosophila allatostatin preprohormone contains four amino acid sequences that after processing would give rise to four Drosophila allatostatins: Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Ala-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH(2) (drostatin-1), Leu-Pro-Val-Tyr-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH(2) (drostatin-2), Ser-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH(2) (drostatin-3), and Thr-Thr-Arg-Pro-Gln-Pro-Phe-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH(2) (drostatin-4). Drostatin-2 is identical to helicostatin-2 (11-18) and drostatin-3 to helicostatin-3, two neurohormones previously isolated from the moth Helicoverpa armigera. Furthermore, drostatin-3 has previously been isolated from Drosophila itself. Drostatins-1 and -4 are novel members of the insect allatostatin neuropeptide family. The Drosophila allatostatin preprohormone gene contains two introns and three exons. The gene is located on the right arm of the third chromosome, position 96A-B. The existence of at least four different Drosophila allatostatins opens the possibility of a differential action of some of these hormones on the two recently cloned Drosophila allatostatin receptors, DAR-1 and -2. This is the first report on an allatostatin preprohormone from Drosophila.
昆虫咽侧体抑制素是神经激素，作用于咽侧体（在那里它们阻断保幼激素的释放）和昆虫肠道（在那里它们阻断平滑肌收缩）。我们用与各种昆虫咽侧体抑制素相对应的电子序列筛选了“果蝇基因组计划”数据库。这导致与编码一些果蝇咽侧体抑制素（果蝇抑制素）的DNA序列比对。使用针对该果蝇咽侧体抑制素基因假定外显子的寡核苷酸引物进行PCR以及随后的3'-和5'-RACE，我们能够克隆其cDNA。果蝇咽侧体抑制素前体激素包含四个氨基酸序列，加工后会产生四种果蝇咽侧体抑制素：Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Ala-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH₂（果蝇抑制素-1）、Leu-Pro-Val-Tyr-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH₂（果蝇抑制素-2）、Ser-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH₂（果蝇抑制素-3）和Thr-Thr-Arg-Pro-Gln-Pro-Phe-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH₂（果蝇抑制素-4）。果蝇抑制素-2与螺旋抑制素-2（11-18）相同，果蝇抑制素-3与螺旋抑制素-3相同，这两种神经激素先前是从棉铃虫蛾中分离出来的。此外，果蝇抑制素-3先前已从果蝇本身中分离出来。果蝇抑制素-1和-4是昆虫咽侧体抑制素神经肽家族的新成员。果蝇咽侧体抑制素前体激素基因包含两个内含子和三个外显子。该基因位于第三条染色体的右臂，位置96A-B。至少四种不同的果蝇咽侧体抑制素的存在开启了这些激素中的一些对最近克隆的两种果蝇咽侧体抑制素受体DAR-1和-2产生不同作用的可能性。这是关于果蝇咽侧体抑制素前体激素的首次报道。
