Salgado D, Reusch C, Spiess B
Veterinär-Chirurgische Klinik, Universität Zürich.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2000 Jun;142(6):349-53.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrinopathies in the dog and cat. Diabetic cataract primarily affects the canine species and is rarely observed in the cat. It has been proposed that the incidence of cataracts in diabetic dogs is high because many of these patients have significant hyperglycemia despite insulin therapy. Age, gender, levels of serum glucose (before and during insulin therapy) and cataract formation were evaluated, retrospectively, in 23 dogs and 22 cats with diabetes mellitus. In the canine population, the groups with the highest frequency of presentation were females and sexually intact animals. In contrast, males and neutered animals were the most prevalent groups in the feline diabetic population. Over 80% of diabetic cats and dogs were older than 7 years. Our results confirm the almost total lack of cataracts in diabetic cats, while they were present in more than half of the dogs. A relation between the incidence of cataracts and the correspondent level of hyperglycemia in the canine and feline species could not be established. The estimation of the relative risk for the development of cataracts in diabetic dogs shows that some population groups have a higher probability for suffering from this ocular alteration. A relation between relative risk and the correspondent level of hyperglycemia in the various groups was not found. This fact indicates that other factors are involved in the unequal appearance of diabetic cataracts in dogs and cats.
糖尿病是犬猫最常见的内分泌疾病之一。糖尿病性白内障主要影响犬类，在猫中很少见。有人提出，糖尿病犬白内障的发病率很高，因为尽管进行了胰岛素治疗，许多此类患者仍有明显的高血糖。对23只患有糖尿病的犬和22只患有糖尿病的猫进行了回顾性评估，分析了年龄、性别、血清葡萄糖水平（胰岛素治疗前和治疗期间）与白内障形成情况。在犬类群体中，就诊频率最高的群体是雌性和未绝育动物。相比之下，雄性和绝育动物是猫糖尿病群体中最普遍的群体。超过80%的糖尿病猫和犬年龄超过7岁。我们的结果证实，糖尿病猫几乎完全没有白内障，而超过一半的犬有白内障。在犬类和猫科动物中，无法确定白内障发病率与相应高血糖水平之间的关系。对糖尿病犬患白内障相对风险的评估表明，一些群体患这种眼部病变的可能性更高。未发现相对风险与各群体相应高血糖水平之间的关系。这一事实表明，其他因素与犬猫糖尿病性白内障的不同表现有关。
