Stanley B, Standen P J
Department of Clinical Psychology, Bradford Community NHS Trust, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2000 Jun;39(2):157-68. doi: 10.1348/014466500163185.
The purpose of this study was to apply Weiner's (1986) attributional model of helping to the care of clients presenting with challenging behaviour. A number of predictions were tested: (a) that aggressive, destructive, and self-injurious behaviours would differentially affect carers' ratings of attributional dimensions; (b) that carers' propensity to help would be mediated by positive affect rather than optimism; (c) that optimism would be reduced by a perceived stable cause, such as client's level of dependency.
The participants were 50 care staff working in challenging behaviour day services, who were presented with six case studies to rate. A two-factor repeated measures design was employed to examine the effects of challenging behaviour and dependency on carers' ratings of attributional dimensions, affects, optimism and helping. Correlational analysis was employed to examine the relative effects of positive affect, negative affect and optimism on carers' propensity to help.
All three predictions were confirmed. The more independent and outer directed the challenging behaviour, the greater the carers' attributions of control and negative affect, and the less the propensity to help. The more self-directed and dependent the client's challenging behaviour, the greater the carers' attribution of stability, positive affect and propensity to help.
The results are discussed in relation to the concept of helping and the experience of carers coping with challenging behaviours.
本研究旨在将韦纳（1986年）的助人归因模型应用于对有挑战行为的服务对象的护理中。对一些预测进行了检验：（a）攻击性行为、破坏性行为和自伤行为会对护理人员在归因维度上的评分产生不同影响；（b）护理人员的助人倾向将由积极情绪而非乐观情绪介导；（c）乐观情绪会因诸如服务对象的依赖程度等被感知到的稳定原因而降低。
参与者为50名在有挑战行为日间服务机构工作的护理人员，他们需对六个案例研究进行评分。采用双因素重复测量设计来检验挑战行为和依赖程度对护理人员在归因维度、情绪、乐观程度和助人方面评分的影响。采用相关分析来检验积极情绪、消极情绪和乐观情绪对护理人员助人倾向的相对影响。
所有三个预测均得到证实。挑战行为越独立且外向，护理人员对控制和消极情绪的归因就越大，助人倾向就越小。服务对象的挑战行为越自我导向且依赖，护理人员对稳定性、积极情绪和助人倾向的归因就越大。
结合助人概念和护理人员应对挑战行为的经历对结果进行了讨论。
