Jackson D J, MacMillan D L
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
Biol Bull. 2000 Jun;198(3):307-18. doi: 10.2307/1542687.
We examined the escape behavior of larvae and postlarvae of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) and of adult immature (stage ADI) crayfish (Cherax destructor). Responses to standardized water jet stimuli delivered through a pipette were observed and analyzed. Lobster larvae did not respond to stimuli within 60 ms, indicating that they do not have functional giant fibers. The first movement by lobster larvae in response to water jet stimuli was a hyperextension of the abdomen. Larval escape responses also showed very little habituation. Postlarval lobsters and ADI crayfish showed the same range of responses as adult animals. Displacement efficiency of tailflicks exhibited by the different animals and stages was examined and related to the morphology of the animals. A separate behavior from tailflicking by larval lobsters in response to water jet stimuli was also observed. Here, the abdomen was hyperextended and the thoracic appendages were promoted. We termed this behavior a "starburst" response. The features of the tailflicking behavior suggest that it evolved to make the larvae difficult prey to handle for small, slower moving predators, and possibly to allow them to ride the bow waves of faster moving predators.
我们研究了美洲龙虾（美洲螯龙虾）幼体和后期幼体以及未成年成年（ADI阶段）小龙虾（澳洲红螯螯虾）的逃避行为。观察并分析了它们对通过移液管施加的标准化水流喷射刺激的反应。龙虾幼体在60毫秒内对刺激没有反应，这表明它们没有功能性的巨纤维。龙虾幼体对水流喷射刺激的首次运动是腹部过度伸展。幼体逃避反应也几乎没有表现出习惯化。后期幼体龙虾和ADI阶段小龙虾的反应范围与成年动物相同。研究了不同动物和阶段所表现出的甩尾位移效率，并将其与动物的形态学相关联。还观察到龙虾幼体对水流喷射刺激做出的一种与甩尾不同的行为。在此行为中，腹部过度伸展且胸肢前伸。我们将此行为称为“星爆”反应。甩尾行为的特征表明，它的进化是为了让幼体对于行动缓慢的小型捕食者而言难以捕捉，并且可能使它们能够借助行动较快的捕食者的船首波。
