Charmantier G, Charmantier-Daures M, Aiken D E
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1984 Apr;54(1):20-34. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90194-1.
Sodium regulation in Homarus americanus changes from isoionic in Stage III to slightly hyperionic in Stage IV, and this is paralleled by improved survival of Stage IV lobsters in dilute media. Bilateral eyestalk ablation converts Stage IV and V lobsters to isoionic sodium regulation, but implantation of Stage IV or V eyestalk neuroendocrine tissue restores their normal hyperionic regulation. These results indicate that sodium regulation is controlled from Stage IV by eyestalk neuroendocrine factors. It is suggested that these changes between stages are part of a true metamorphosis that occurs between the last larval stage (III) and the first postlarval stage (IV).
美洲螯龙虾的钠调节在第三阶段为等渗，到第四阶段变为轻度高渗，并且第四阶段的龙虾在稀释介质中的存活率提高与之平行。双侧眼柄切除可使第四和第五阶段的龙虾转变为等渗钠调节，但植入第四或第五阶段的眼柄神经内分泌组织可恢复其正常的高渗调节。这些结果表明，钠调节在第四阶段受眼柄神经内分泌因子控制。有人提出，这些阶段之间的变化是在最后幼虫阶段（第三阶段）和第一个幼体后阶段（第四阶段）之间发生的真正变态的一部分。
