Baum N, Mobley D F, Carlton C E
Urology. 1975 Feb;5(2):165-71. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(75)90001-1.
The clinical necessities of replacing all or part of the diseased or destroyed ureter have plagued surgeons for many years. In the past seventy years more than 100 surgical techniques have been described for ureteral replacement. Methods of replacement have fallen into four categories; nonbiologic substitutes, pedicle grafts, free grafts, and implantation and diversion. This review discusses the history and present status, and presents a look to the future in the surgery of ureteral replacement.
替换全部或部分患病或受损输尿管的临床需求多年来一直困扰着外科医生。在过去的七十年里，已经描述了一百多种输尿管替代的外科技术。替代方法可分为四类：非生物替代品、带蒂移植物、游离移植物以及植入和改道。本文综述了输尿管替代手术的历史和现状，并展望了其未来发展。
