Edwards H M
Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2772, USA.
Poult Sci. 2000 Jul;79(7):1018-23. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.7.1018.
Several excellent reviews regarding nutrition and skeletal disorders have appeared in the last 20 yr. This review will cover several areas of vitamin D research, the area of feed deprivation, and bone abnormalities, because there has been considerable interest in these areas during the past 10 yr. Studies indicate that the quantitative requirement for cholecalciferol (D3) for broiler chickens is much greater than previously thought. Ascorbic acid may play a role in stimulating 1-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3], but the evidence is not clear under exactly what conditions this relationship is important in practical prevention of tibial dyschondroplasia. Studies indicate that dietary supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] will reduce the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in three different strains of broilers bred to develop a high incidence of the disease. But it did not prevent the disease totally in the strains, unless high enough levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were fed to reduce growth rate. These studies indicate that these high tibial dyschondroplasia strains have a defect(s) in vitamin D metabolism. Studies continue to elucidate the role of ultraviolet light in preventing leg abnormalities. Only a few studies have been conducted on the efficacy of various vitamin D3 derivatives to prevent tibial dyschondroplasia. Feed deprivation continues to be an intriguing method of preventing tibial dyschondroplasia, and examination of exactly how this prevents the bone abnormality could open avenues for explaining the disease.
在过去20年里出现了几篇关于营养与骨骼疾病的优秀综述。本综述将涵盖维生素D研究的几个领域、饲料剥夺领域以及骨骼异常，因为在过去10年里这些领域受到了相当大的关注。研究表明，肉鸡对胆钙化醇（D3）的定量需求比以前认为的要高得多。抗坏血酸可能在刺激25-羟胆钙化醇[25-(OH)D3]的1-羟化过程中发挥作用，但在实际预防胫骨软骨发育不良的具体条件下，这种关系重要性的证据并不明确。研究表明，在三种培育出该病高发病率的不同品系肉鸡中，日粮添加1,25-二羟胆钙化醇[1,25(OH)2D3]会降低胫骨软骨发育不良的发病率。但在这些品系中，除非饲喂足够高剂量的1,25-(OH)2D3以降低生长速度，否则无法完全预防该病。这些研究表明，这些高胫骨软骨发育不良品系在维生素D代谢方面存在缺陷。关于紫外线在预防腿部异常中的作用的研究仍在继续。关于各种维生素D3衍生物预防胫骨软骨发育不良功效的研究仅有少数几项。饲料剥夺仍然是一种预防胫骨软骨发育不良的有趣方法，确切研究其预防骨骼异常的机制可能为解释该病开辟道路。
