Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Vet Q. 2022 Dec;42(1):21-40. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2033880.
Lameness or leg weakness is the main cause of poor poultry welfare and serious economic losses in meat-type poultry production worldwide. Disorders related to the legs are often associated with multifactorial aetiology which makes diagnosis and proper treatment difficult. Among the infectious agents, bacteria of genus are one of the most common causes of bone infections in poultry and are some of the oldest bacterial infections described in poultry. Staphylococci readily infect bones and joints and are associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), spondylitis, arthritis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC), bumblefoot, dyschondroplasia with osteomyelitis and amyloid arthropathy. Overall, 61 staphylococcal species have been described so far, and 56% of them (34/61) have been isolated from clinical cases in poultry. Although is the principal cause of poultry staphylococcosis, other species, such as , , have also been isolated from skeletal lesions. Antimicrobial treatment of staphylococcosis is usually ineffective due to the location and type of lesion, as well as the possible occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free farming has contributed to the use of alternatives to antibiotics. Other prevention methods, such as better management strategies, early feed restriction or use of slow growing broilers should be implemented to avoid rapid growth rate, which is associated with locomotor problems. This review aims to summarise and address current knowledge on skeletal disorders associated with spp. infection in poultry.
跛行或腿部无力是全球肉用型家禽生产中造成家禽福利差和严重经济损失的主要原因。与腿部有关的疾病通常与多因素病因有关，这使得诊断和适当的治疗变得困难。在传染性病原体中，葡萄球菌属细菌是家禽骨骼感染的最常见原因之一，也是家禽最早描述的细菌感染之一。葡萄球菌容易感染骨骼和关节，与细菌性软骨坏死伴骨髓炎（BCO）、脊椎炎、关节炎、腱鞘炎、腱膜炎、骨髓炎、火鸡骨髓炎综合征（TOC）、跗关节肿胀、骨软骨发育不良伴骨髓炎和淀粉样关节病有关。迄今为止，已经描述了 61 种葡萄球菌，其中 56%（34/61）已从家禽临床病例中分离出来。虽然 是引起家禽葡萄球菌病的主要原因，但其他 种，如 ，也已从骨骼病变中分离出来。由于病变的位置和类型，以及可能发生的多药耐药菌株，对抗生素治疗葡萄球菌病通常无效。对无抗生素养殖的需求增加，导致人们转而使用抗生素替代品。应该实施其他预防方法，如更好的管理策略、早期饲料限制或使用生长缓慢的肉鸡，以避免与运动问题相关的快速生长速度。本综述旨在总结和阐述与家禽 spp. 感染相关的骨骼疾病的现有知识。
