Sanderson M W, Dargatz D A, Garry F B
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000 Jul 15;217(2):185-9. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.185.
To evaluate biosecurity practices of cow-calf producers.
Cross-sectional survey.
2,713 cow-calf operations were used in phase 1 of the study, and 1,190 cow-calf operations were used in phase 2.
Producers were contacted for a personal interview between Dec 30, 1996 and Feb 3, 1997 regarding their management practices. Noninstitutional operations with 1 or more beef cows were eligible to participate in the study. Producers who participated in the first phase of the study and who had > or = 5 beef cows were requested to continue in the study and were contacted by a veterinarian or animal health technician who administered further questionnaires. All contacts for the second phase of the study were made between Mar 3, 1997 and Apr 30, 1997. Additional data on use of various vaccines, testing of imported cattle for brucellosis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea, and tuberculosis as well as potential for feed contamination were collected during the second phase of the study.
Producers commonly engaged in management practices that increased risk of introducing disease to their cattle such as importing cattle, failing to quarantine imported cattle, and communal grazing. Producers inconsistently adjusted for the increased risk of their management practices by increasing the types of vaccines given, increasing the quarantine time or proportion of imported animals quarantined, or increasing testing for various diseases in imported animals.
Cow-calf herds are at risk for disease exposure from outside sources when cattle are introduced to the herd, and producers do not always adjust management practices such as vaccination schedules and quarantine procedures appropriately to minimize this risk. Veterinary involvement in education of producers regarding biosecurity risks and development of rational and economical biosecurity plans is needed.
评估肉牛繁殖场生产者的生物安全措施。
横断面调查。
研究的第一阶段使用了2713个肉牛繁殖场，第二阶段使用了1190个肉牛繁殖场。
在1996年12月30日至1997年2月3日期间联系生产者进行个人访谈，了解他们的管理措施。拥有1头或更多肉牛的非机构化养殖场有资格参与研究。参与研究第一阶段且拥有≥5头肉牛的生产者被要求继续参与研究，并由兽医或动物健康技术员联系，后者发放进一步的调查问卷。研究第二阶段的所有联系均在1997年3月3日至1997年4月30日之间进行。在研究的第二阶段收集了关于各种疫苗使用、进口牛布鲁氏菌病、副结核分枝杆菌、牛病毒性腹泻和结核病检测以及饲料污染可能性的其他数据。
生产者普遍采取增加牛群引入疾病风险的管理措施，如进口牛、未对进口牛进行隔离以及 communal grazing（此处 communal grazing 可能有误，若为“共同放牧”则翻译为共同放牧，若为其他词请根据正确内容翻译）。生产者并未通过增加所接种疫苗的种类、延长隔离时间或增加进口动物隔离比例，或增加对进口动物各种疾病的检测来一致地应对其管理措施增加的风险。
当引入牛只时，肉牛繁殖场存在从外部来源感染疾病的风险，并且生产者并不总是适当地调整管理措施，如疫苗接种计划和隔离程序，以将这种风险降至最低。需要兽医参与对生产者进行生物安全风险教育以及制定合理且经济的生物安全计划。
