Visual phenotype in patients with Arg41Gln and ala196+1bp mutations in the CRX gene.

Our aim was to describe the visual function characteristics of affected members from two unrelated families with different dominant mutations in the CRX gene. Standard full-field ERGs and high-intensity a-wave series were obtained. In addition, in most subjects, dark-adapted (DA) thresholds, color vision function (arrangement tests), and static perimetry were assessed. A point mutation in codon 41 of the CRX gene (Arg41Gln) was identified in family members from the RFS087 family who were tested on several occasions since 1983. Depending on age, affected members showed varying degrees of acuity loss, normal or slightly elevated DA thresholds, reduced cone a- and b-wave amplitudes, normal or minimally delayed cone b-wave implicit times, and normal rod and cone phototransduction gain parameters. An insertion mutation (Ala196+1bp) was found in two members of another family (RFS014). Affected members showed reduced visual acuity, normal or slightly elevated DA thresholds, relatively preserved rod ERG and substantially reduced or undetectable cone ERG, and normal rod phototransduction gain parameters. The Arg41Gln was associated with a late-onset, slowly progressing mild form of cone-rod dystrophy with cone loss but preserved rod and cone sensitivity until later in life. The Ala196+1bp mutation was associated with an early-onset, severe form of cone-rod dystrophy similar to that described in the original CORD2 family (Evans et al., Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:195-201).