Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N, Bandelt H J, Nørby S
Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Sep;67(3):718-26. doi: 10.1086/303038. Epub 2000 Aug 2.
The Eskimo-Aleut language phylum is distributed from coastal Siberia across Alaska and Canada to Greenland and is well distinguished from the neighboring Na Dene languages. Genetically, however, the distinction between Na Dene and Eskimo-Aleut speakers is less clear. In order to improve the genetic characterization of Eskimos in general and Greenlanders in particular, we have sequenced hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and typed relevant RFLP sites in the mtDNA of 82 Eskimos from Greenland. A comparison of our data with published sequences demonstrates major mtDNA types shared between Na Dene and Eskimo, indicating a common Beringian history within the Holocene. We further confirm the presence of an Eskimo-specific mtDNA subgroup characterized by nucleotide position 16265G within mtDNA group A2. This subgroup is found in all Eskimo groups analyzed so far and is estimated to have originated <3,000 years ago. A founder analysis of all Eskimo and Chukchi A2 types indicates that the Siberian and Greenland ancestral mtDNA pools separated around the time when the Neo-Eskimo culture emerged. The Greenland mtDNA types are a subset of the Alaskan mtDNA variation: they lack the groups D2 and D3 found in Siberia and Alaska and are exclusively A2 but at the same time lack the A2 root type. The data are in agreement with the view that the present Greenland Eskimos essentially descend from Alaskan Neo-Eskimos. European mtDNA types are absent in our Eskimo sample.
爱斯基摩-阿留申语系分布于从西伯利亚沿海地区，横跨阿拉斯加和加拿大，直至格陵兰岛，与相邻的纳德内语系有明显区别。然而，从基因角度来看，说纳德内语和爱斯基摩-阿留申语的人群之间的区别并不那么清晰。为了更好地从基因层面描述爱斯基摩人，特别是格陵兰人的特征，我们对82名格陵兰爱斯基摩人的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区高变区I（HVS-I）进行了测序，并对mtDNA中的相关限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）位点进行了分型。将我们的数据与已发表的序列进行比较后发现，纳德内语系和爱斯基摩人之间存在主要的mtDNA类型共享，这表明全新世时期两者有着共同的白令海历史。我们进一步证实了在mtDNA A2组中存在一个以核苷酸位置16265G为特征的爱斯基摩人特有的mtDNA亚群。到目前为止，在所有分析过的爱斯基摩人群体中都发现了这个亚群，据估计它起源于不到3000年前。对所有爱斯基摩人和楚科奇人A2类型的奠基者分析表明，西伯利亚和格陵兰的祖传mtDNA库在新爱斯基摩文化出现时左右分开。格陵兰的mtDNA类型是阿拉斯加mtDNA变异的一个子集：它们缺少在西伯利亚和阿拉斯加发现的D2和D3组，且仅为A2类型，但同时缺少A2根类型。这些数据与目前格陵兰爱斯基摩人基本上是阿拉斯加新爱斯基摩人的后裔这一观点相符。在我们的爱斯基摩人样本中没有发现欧洲mtDNA类型。
