Starikovskaya Y B, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, Kogelnik A M, Wallace D C
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk.
Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Nov;63(5):1473-91. doi: 10.1086/302087.
The mtDNAs of 145 individuals representing the aboriginal populations of Chukotka-the Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos-were subjected to RFLP analysis and control-region sequencing. This analysis showed that the core of the genetic makeup of the Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos consisted of three (A, C, and D) of the four primary mtDNA haplotype groups (haplogroups) (A-D) observed in Native Americans, with haplogroup A being the most prevalent in both Chukotkan populations. Two unique haplotypes belonging to haplogroup G (formerly called "other" mtDNAs) were also observed in a few Chukchi, and these have apparently been acquired through gene flow from adjacent Kamchatka, where haplogroup G is prevalent in the Koryak and Itel'men. In addition, a 16111C-->T transition appears to delineate an "American" enclave of haplogroup A mtDNAs in northeastern Siberia, whereas the 16192C-->T transition demarcates a "northern Pacific Rim" cluster within this haplogroup. Furthermore, the sequence-divergence estimates for haplogroups A, C, and D of Siberian and Native American populations indicate that the earliest inhabitants of Beringia possessed a limited number of founding mtDNA haplotypes and that the first humans expanded into the New World approximately 34,000 years before present (YBP). Subsequent migration 16,000-13,000 YBP apparently brought a restricted number of haplogroup B haplotypes to the Americas. For millennia, Beringia may have been the repository of the respective founding sequences that selectively penetrated into northern North America from western Alaska.
对代表楚科奇原住民（楚科奇人和西伯利亚爱斯基摩人）的145个个体的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行了限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析和控制区测序。该分析表明，楚科奇人和西伯利亚爱斯基摩人基因构成的核心由美洲原住民中观察到的四个主要mtDNA单倍型组（单倍群）（A - D）中的三个（A、C和D）组成，其中单倍群A在两个楚科奇人群体中最为普遍。在少数楚科奇人中还观察到了属于单倍群G（以前称为“其他”mtDNA）的两种独特单倍型，这些显然是通过基因流动从相邻的堪察加半岛获得的，在那里单倍群G在科里亚克人和伊捷尔缅人中很普遍。此外，16111C→T转换似乎划定了西伯利亚东北部单倍群A mtDNA的一个“美洲”飞地，而16192C→T转换则在该单倍群内划定了一个“北太平洋沿岸”簇。此外，西伯利亚和美洲原住民群体单倍群A、C和D的序列分歧估计表明，白令陆桥最早的居民拥有数量有限的奠基mtDNA单倍型，并且第一批人类大约在距今34000年前（YBP）扩展到了新世界。随后在16000 - 13000 YBP的迁徙显然将数量有限的单倍群B单倍型带到了美洲。几千年来，白令陆桥可能一直是各自奠基序列的储存库，这些序列从阿拉斯加西部选择性地渗透到北美北部。
