Quah B S, Mazidah A R, Simpson H
Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2000 Jun;18(2):73-9.
Most children with asthma develop their symptoms before the age of 5 years and many preschool wheezers continue to wheeze in the early school years. It is thus important to investigate the factors that predispose young children to wheeze. The objective of this study was to investigate the relevant environmental and family influences on recent wheeze (wheeze within the last 12 months) in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary health clinics in the district of Kota Bharu from April to October 1998. Nurses from these clinics distributed Bahasa Malaysia questionnaires containing questions on asthma symptoms, environmental risk factors, family's social status and family history of atopy and wheeze to preschool children aged 1-5 years during their home visits. The respondents were parent(s) or carer(s) of the children. A total of 2,524 (87.7%) complete questionnaires were available for analysis of risk factors. One hundred and fifty six (6.2%) children had current wheeze. Significant risk factors associated with current wheeze were a family history of asthma (O.R. = 6.36, 95% C.I. = 4.45-9.09), neonatal hospital admission (O.R. = 2.38, 95% C.I. = 1.51 - 3.75), and a maternal (O.R. = 2.12, 95% C.I. = 1.31-3.41) or paternal (O.R. = 1.52, 95% C.I. = 0.95-2.43) history of allergic rhinitis. Among environmental factors examined, namely, household pets, carpeting in bedroom, use of fumigation mats, mosquito coils and aerosol insect repellents, maternal and paternal smoking, and air conditioning, none were associated with an increased risk of wheeze. In conclusion, the strongest association with current wheeze was a family history of asthma. Also significant were neonatal hospital admission and a history of allergic rhinitis in either the mother or father. None of the environmental factors studied were related to current wheeze in preschool children.
大多数哮喘儿童在5岁之前就会出现症状，许多学龄前喘息儿童在小学早期仍会喘息。因此，研究易使幼儿喘息的因素很重要。本研究的目的是调查相关环境和家庭因素对学龄前儿童近期喘息（过去12个月内的喘息）的影响。1998年4月至10月，在哥打巴鲁地区的五家初级保健诊所进行了一项横断面研究。这些诊所的护士在家庭访视期间，向1 - 5岁的学龄前儿童发放了包含哮喘症状、环境危险因素、家庭社会地位以及特应性和喘息家族史等问题的马来语问卷。受访者为儿童的父母或照料者。共有2524份（87.7%）完整问卷可用于危险因素分析。156名（6.2%）儿童目前有喘息症状。与目前喘息相关的显著危险因素包括哮喘家族史（比值比=6.36，95%置信区间=4.45 - 9.09）、新生儿住院（比值比=2.38，95%置信区间=1.51 - 3.75）以及母亲（比值比=2.12，95%置信区间=1.31 - 3.41）或父亲（比值比=1.52，95%置信区间=0.95 - 2.43）的过敏性鼻炎病史。在所研究的环境因素中，即家庭宠物、卧室铺地毯、使用熏蒸垫、蚊香和气雾剂驱虫剂、父母吸烟以及使用空调，均与喘息风险增加无关。总之，与目前喘息关联最强的是哮喘家族史。新生儿住院以及父母一方的过敏性鼻炎病史也具有显著性。所研究的环境因素均与学龄前儿童目前的喘息无关。
