D'Esposito M, Postle B R, Rypma B
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2000 Jul;133(1):3-11. doi: 10.1007/s002210000395.
Working memory refers to the short-term retention of information that is no longer accessible in the environment, and the manipulation of this information, for subsequent use in guiding behavior. In this review, we will present data from a series of event-related functional magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI) studies of delayed-response tasks that were designed to investigate the role of different regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during different working-memory component processes. From these data, we conclude that: (1) lateral PFC is anatomically organized according to the types of cognitive operations that one performs when attempting to temporarily maintain and manipulate information; and (2) consistent with the picture that has emerged from the monkey electrophysiological literature, human lateral PFC is involved in several encoding- and response-related processes as well as mnemonic and nonmnemonic processes that are engaged during the temporary maintenance of information. Thus, lateral PFC activity cannot be ascribed to the function of a single, unitary cognitive operation.
工作记忆是指对不再存在于环境中的信息进行短期保留，并对该信息进行操作，以供后续用于指导行为。在本综述中，我们将展示一系列与事件相关的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的数据，这些研究旨在调查前额叶皮层（PFC）不同区域在不同工作记忆成分过程中的作用。从这些数据中，我们得出以下结论：（1）外侧前额叶皮层在解剖学上是根据人们在试图临时维持和操作信息时所执行的认知操作类型来组织的；（2）与从猴子电生理文献中得出的情况一致，人类外侧前额叶皮层参与了几个与编码和反应相关的过程，以及在信息临时维持期间所涉及的记忆和非记忆过程。因此，外侧前额叶皮层的活动不能归因于单一的、统一的认知操作的功能。
