Weist M D, Myers C P, Danforth J, McNeil D W, Ollendick T H, Hawkins R
University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA.
Community Ment Health J. 2000 Jun;36(3):259-73. doi: 10.1023/a:1001957130982.
We surveyed 62 school administrators from three midatlantic (MD, VA, WV) and one northeastern (CT) state on factors relevant to developing school-based mental health programs. Administrators were from schools that varied on education level (elementary, middle, and high) and geographic location (urban, suburban, and rural), with equivalent numbers in each subgroup. Administrators provided ratings to questions grouped in five categories: (a) Stressful Conditions, (b) Internalizing Behavioral Problems, (c) Externalizing Behavioral Problems, (d) Substance Abuse, and (e) Barriers to Mental Health Care, and provided open-ended comments on needs of youth and mental health programs for them. They rated behavioral and substance abuse problems as progressively more serious as students advanced in school level. Urban youth were reported to encounter higher stress and present more severe internalizing problems than suburban or rural youth. Suburban and rural schools provided more health and mental health services than urban schools. Across geographic locales, physical health services far outnumbered mental health services. Findings related to barriers to mental health care, and the viability of schools as delivery sites for comprehensive mental health services, are discussed.
我们对来自大西洋中部三个州（马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州、西弗吉尼亚州）和一个东北部州（康涅狄格州）的62位学校管理人员进行了调查，了解与开展校本心理健康项目相关的因素。管理人员来自不同教育水平（小学、初中和高中）和地理位置（城市、郊区和农村）的学校，每个亚组的人数相当。管理人员对分为五类的问题进行了评分：（a）压力状况，（b）内化行为问题，（c）外化行为问题，（d）药物滥用，以及（e）心理健康护理障碍，并就青少年的需求以及为他们提供的心理健康项目提供了开放式评论。他们认为，随着学生年级的升高，行为和药物滥用问题越来越严重。据报告，城市青少年比郊区或农村青少年面临更高的压力，且存在更严重的内化问题。郊区和农村学校比城市学校提供更多的健康和心理健康服务。在各个地理位置，身体健康服务的数量远远超过心理健康服务。本文讨论了与心理健康护理障碍以及学校作为综合心理健康服务提供场所的可行性相关的研究结果。
