Margetts B M, Thompson R L, Speller V, McVey D
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 1998 Sep;1(3):193-8. doi: 10.1079/phn19980030.
This study explores the factors that influence eating patterns in a nationally representative sample of the English population.
Subjects were interviewed in 1993; questions covered basic demographic details, attitudes about nutrition, and they completed a short food frequency questionnaire that had previously been validated. Cluster analysis was used to summarize dietary intake into more or less healthy clusters.
A random sample of the English population.
A cross-sectional survey of 5553 men and women (response rate 70%) aged between 16 and 74 years.
As defined from the cluster analysis about half the sample were currently reporting a more healthy diet; respondents in the better educated middle-aged demographic cluster were more likely to report eating a more healthy diet than respondents in the younger lower-income family cluster. About three-quarters of all respondents believed that they either already ate a healthy diet or had changed to a healthy diet in the last 3 years. For those respondents who said they were eating a healthy diet about half of them were eating a more healthy diet. Respondents who had not changed their diet were more likely than those who had to believe that healthy foods were just another fashion (men 34% v. 13%; women 30% v. 12%), or expensive (men 50% v. 35%; women 53% v. 40%); they were less likely to care about what they ate (men 45% v. 13%; women 27% v. 7%). Nearly three-quarters of all respondents agreed that experts never agree about what foods are good for you. Younger, low-income families, and those who smoked, were the group least likely to be eating a more healthy diet.
The results of this study suggest that about half of the population has reported a change to a healthier diet over the last 3 years and that overall about half of the population report eating a healthy diet. Those who had not made any change and were currently reporting a less healthy diet were more likely to smoke and come from the 'worse off group in the survey; they were also more likely to hold negative attitudes about healthy eating. A more focused and integrated approach to promoting healthy lifestyle in general is required, while at the same time ensuring that there is continued support for the majority of the population who have made healthy dietary changes.
本研究探讨在具有全国代表性的英国人群样本中影响饮食模式的因素。
1993年对受试者进行访谈；问题涵盖基本人口统计学细节、对营养的态度，并且他们完成了一份先前已验证的简短食物频率问卷。采用聚类分析将饮食摄入量归纳为或多或少健康的类别。
英国人群的随机样本。
对5553名年龄在16至74岁之间的男性和女性进行横断面调查（应答率70%）。
根据聚类分析定义，约一半的样本目前报告饮食更健康；在受教育程度较高的中年人口类别中的受访者比年轻低收入家庭类别中的受访者更有可能报告饮食更健康。约四分之三的受访者认为他们要么已经饮食健康，要么在过去3年中已改为健康饮食。对于那些表示自己饮食健康的受访者，其中约一半的人饮食更为健康。未改变饮食的受访者比已改变饮食的受访者更有可能认为健康食品只是另一种时尚（男性34%对13%；女性30%对12%），或者认为健康食品昂贵（男性50%对35%；女性53%对40%）；他们不太关心自己吃什么（男性45%对13%；女性27%对7%）。近四分之三的受访者同意专家们对于哪些食物对你有益从未达成一致。年轻、低收入家庭以及吸烟者是最不可能饮食更健康的群体。
本研究结果表明，在过去3年中约一半的人群报告已改为更健康的饮食，总体而言约一半的人群报告饮食健康。那些未做出任何改变且目前报告饮食不太健康的人更有可能吸烟且来自调查中的“较差群体”；他们也更有可能对健康饮食持负面态度。总体上需要一种更有针对性和综合性的方法来促进健康的生活方式，同时确保对大多数已做出健康饮食改变的人群持续提供支持。
