Murphy S L
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2000 Jul 24;48(11):1-105.
This report presents final 1998 data on U.S. deaths and death rates according to demographic and medical characteristics such as age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, State of residence, and cause of death. Trends and patterns in general mortality, life expectancy, and infant and maternal mortality are also described. A previous report presented preliminary mortality data for 1998.
In 1998 a total of 2,337,256 deaths were reported in the United States. This report presents descriptive tabulations of information reported on the death certificates. Death certificates are completed by funeral directors, attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners. Original records are filed in the State registration offices. Statistical information is compiled into a national data base through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The 1998 age-adjusted death rate for the United States decreased to an all-time low of 471.7 deaths per 100,000 standard population, and life expectancy at birth increased to a record high of 76.7 years. Of the 15 leading causes of death in 1998, the largest decline from the previous year--9.5 percent--in age-adjusted death rates was for Atherosclerosis (atherosclerosis). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection dropped from among the 15 leading causes for the first time since 1987. The age-adjusted death rate for firearm injuries decreased for the fifth consecutive year, declining 7.4 percent between 1997 and 1998. Among all causes of death, age-specific death rates rose for those under 1 year but declined for all other age groups, although the decline for children aged 1-4 years was not significant. The infant mortality rate was unchanged from 1997 at 7.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
The overall improvements in general mortality and life expectancy in 1998 continue the long-term downward trend in U.S. mortality. Although unchanged from 1997, the trend in U.S. infant mortality is of steady declines over the past four decades.
本报告呈现了1998年美国按年龄、性别、种族、西班牙裔血统、婚姻状况、教育程度、工作时受伤情况、居住州以及死因等人口统计学和医学特征分类的死亡人数及死亡率的最终数据。还描述了总体死亡率、预期寿命以及婴儿和孕产妇死亡率的趋势和模式。之前的一份报告呈现了1998年的初步死亡率数据。
1998年美国共报告了2337256例死亡。本报告呈现了死亡证明上所报告信息的描述性表格。死亡证明由殡仪馆馆长、主治医生、法医和验尸官填写。原始记录存档于各州登记办公室。统计信息通过疾病控制和预防中心国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）的生命统计合作项目汇编成一个国家数据库。
1998年美国经年龄调整的死亡率降至历史最低点，每10万标准人口中有471.7人死亡，出生时预期寿命增至创纪录的76.7岁。在1998年的15种主要死因中，经年龄调整的死亡率较上一年下降幅度最大的是动脉粥样硬化，降幅为9.5%。自1987年以来，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染首次从15种主要死因中消失。火器伤的经年龄调整死亡率连续第五年下降，1997年至1998年期间下降了7.4%。在所有死因中，1岁以下人群的年龄别死亡率上升，但其他所有年龄组的死亡率下降，不过1 - 4岁儿童的死亡率下降不显著。婴儿死亡率与1997年持平，为每1000例活产中有7.2例婴儿死亡。
1998年总体死亡率和预期寿命的总体改善延续了美国死亡率长期下降的趋势。尽管与1997年持平，但美国婴儿死亡率在过去四十年呈稳步下降趋势。
