Magnus S A, Mick S S
Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2000 Aug;90(8):1197-201. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.8.1197.
Medical schools' affirmative action policies traditionally focus on race and give relatively little consideration to applicants' socioeconomic status or "social class." However, recent challenges to affirmative action have raised the prospect of using social class, instead of race, as the basis for preferential admissions decisions in an effort to maintain or increase student diversity. This article reviews the evidence for class-based affirmative action in medicine and concludes that it might be an effective supplement to, rather than a replacement for, race-based affirmative action. The authors consider the research literature on (1) medical students' socioeconomic background, (2) the impact of social class on medical treatment and physician-patient communication, and (3) correlations between physicians' socioeconomic origins and their service patterns to the disadvantaged. They also reference sociological literature on distinctions between race and class and Americans' discomfort with "social class."
医学院的平权行动政策传统上侧重于种族，而对申请者的社会经济地位或“社会阶层”考虑相对较少。然而，最近对平权行动的质疑引发了一种可能性，即使用社会阶层而非种族作为优先录取决定的基础，以努力维持或增加学生的多样性。本文回顾了医学领域基于阶层的平权行动的证据，并得出结论，它可能是基于种族的平权行动的有效补充，而非替代品。作者考虑了关于以下方面的研究文献：（1）医学生的社会经济背景；（2）社会阶层对医疗和医患沟通的影响；（3）医生的社会经济出身与其为弱势群体服务模式之间的相关性。他们还参考了关于种族和阶层差异以及美国人对“社会阶层”不适感的社会学文献。
