Helms L B, Helms C M
College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Acad Med. 1998 Mar;73(3):231-6. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199803000-00010.
The use of affirmative action programs as part of the effort to increase the presence of minorities in medical education and the physician workforce has come under greater legal scrutiny. The authors describe the history of the legal theory behind affirmative action, giving examples from the evolving case law and from Department of Education guidelines. They identify legal pitfalls in the areas of admission and financial aid, including the categorization of students by race, racially disproportionate financial aid awards after accounting for need, racially disproportionate amounts of scholarships as opposed to loans, and, for public medical schools, differential treatment of out-of-state students based on race. Medical schools should be aware of this legal framework so that they can construct affirmative action programs that comply with the law while maintaining momentum toward diversification.
将平权行动项目作为增加少数族裔在医学教育和医生队伍中占比努力的一部分，已受到更严格的法律审查。作者描述了平权行动背后法律理论的历史，并从不断演变的判例法和教育部指南中举例说明。他们指出了招生和经济援助领域的法律陷阱，包括按种族对学生进行分类、在考虑需求后经济援助奖励在种族上不成比例、奖学金与贷款在种族上不成比例的数额，以及对于公立医学院校，基于种族对州外学生的差别对待。医学院校应了解这一法律框架，以便能够构建符合法律规定的平权行动项目，同时保持多元化的发展势头。
