Simmenroth-Nayda Anne, Görlich Yvonne
Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University Medical Center, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
Study Deanery, University Medical Center, Humboldtallee 38, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
BMC Med Educ. 2015 Apr 23;15:81. doi: 10.1186/s12909-015-0354-x.
Admission candidates especially in medicine do not represent the socio-demographic proportions of the average population: children of parents with an academic background are highly overrepresented, and those with parents who are medical doctors represent quite a large and special group. At Göttingen University Medicine, a new admission procedure was established with the intention to broaden the base of applicants towards including candidates with previous medical training or lower final school grades. With a view to family background, we wished to know whether candidates differ in the test scores in our admission procedure.
In February 2014 we asked all admission candidates of Göttingen University Medicine by questionnaire (nine closed, four open questions) about the academic background in their families, specifically, the medical background, school exam grades, and previous medical training as well as about how they prepared for the admission test. We also analysed data from admission scores of this group (semi-structured interview and four multiple mini-interviews). In addition to descriptive statistics, we used a Pearson correlation, means comparisons (t-test, analysis of variance), ANOVA, and a Scheffé test.
In February 2014 nearly half of the applicants (44%) at Göttingen University Medicine had a medical background, most frequently, their parents were physicians. This rate is much higher than reported in the literature. Other socio-demographic baseline data did not differ from the percentages given in the literature. Of all applicants, 20% had previous medical training. The group of applicants with parents who were medical doctors did not show any advantage in either test-scoring (MMI and interview), their individual preparation for the admission test, or in receiving or accepting a place at medical school. Candidates with parents who were medical doctors had scored slightly lower in school exam grades.
Our results suggest that there is a self-selection bias as well as a pre-selection for this particular group of applicants. This effect has to be observed during future admission procedures.
录取候选人，尤其是医学专业的候选人，并不能代表普通人群的社会人口统计学比例：父母具有学术背景的子女比例过高，而父母是医生的候选人则构成了一个相当庞大且特殊的群体。在哥廷根大学医学院，我们制定了一项新的录取程序，旨在扩大申请人范围，将之前接受过医学培训或高中毕业成绩较低的候选人纳入其中。关于家庭背景，我们想了解在我们的录取程序中，候选人的考试成绩是否存在差异。
2014年2月，我们通过问卷调查（九个封闭式问题、四个开放式问题）询问了哥廷根大学医学院所有录取候选人的家庭学术背景，具体包括医学背景、学校考试成绩、之前的医学培训情况，以及他们为录取考试做准备的方式。我们还分析了该群体的录取分数数据（半结构化面试和四次多重迷你面试）。除描述性统计外，我们还使用了Pearson相关性分析、均值比较（t检验、方差分析）、方差分析和Scheffé检验。
2014年2月，哥廷根大学医学院近一半的申请人（44%）有医学背景，其中大多数人的父母是医生。这一比例远高于文献报道。其他社会人口统计学基线数据与文献中的百分比没有差异。所有申请人中，20%曾接受过医学培训。父母是医生的申请人在任何一项考试评分（多重迷你面试和面试）、他们为录取考试的个人准备情况，或在获得或接受医学院录取资格方面都没有表现出优势。父母是医生的候选人在学校考试成绩上略低。
我们的结果表明，对于这一特定申请人群体存在自我选择偏差和预选情况。在未来的录取程序中必须注意到这种影响。
