Kassner E
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2000 Jul;17(3):135-48. doi: 10.1053/jpon.2000.8063.
Extravasation of chemotherapeutic vesicant agents can result in significant tissue damage, alteration in limb function, and pain. Quality of life for long-term survivors can be severely impacted by negative sequelae from vesicant extravasation. Currently, there is no known preventive therapy. Early detection and intervention are paramount to halt tissue damage and reduce the chance of permanent disability or disfigurement. This article provides an overview of known chemotherapeutic vesicants (mechlorethamine, mitomycin-C, doxorubicin, daunomycin, vincristine and vinblastine), associated theories of tissue destruction, assessment techniques for peripheral intravenous sites, vascular access devices and central venous lines, current treatment strategies, and investigational therapies. A brief discussion of the legal implications of extravasation injuries and recommended key points for medical record documentation are included.
化疗发泡剂外渗可导致严重的组织损伤、肢体功能改变和疼痛。发泡剂外渗产生的后遗症会严重影响长期幸存者的生活质量。目前，尚无已知的预防性治疗方法。早期发现和干预对于阻止组织损伤以及减少永久性残疾或毁容的几率至关重要。本文概述了已知的化疗发泡剂（氮芥、丝裂霉素-C、阿霉素、柔红霉素、长春新碱和长春花碱）、相关的组织破坏理论、外周静脉部位的评估技术、血管通路装置和中心静脉导管、当前的治疗策略以及研究性治疗方法。文中还简要讨论了外渗损伤的法律影响以及病历记录的推荐要点。
