Loula F, Kourtzi Z, Shiffrar M
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000 Jul;26(4):929-44. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.4.929.
In a series of experiments, a negative priming paradigm was used to determine how the visual system represents novel shapes under conditions of inattention. Observers in a shape-matching task viewed overlapping shapes with or without surface segmentation cues. Positive priming occurred with opaque and transparent surface-like shapes, whereas negative priming was found with outlined and transparent shapes that lacked surface segmentation cues. This effect generalized to familiar shapes. These results support the importance of segmentation cues in negative priming and suggest that, under otherwise identical conditions, surface segmentation processes can determine whether positive or negative priming occurs in an implicit memory task. Thus, selective attention for overlapping shapes may be best understood in relation to surface segmentation processes.
在一系列实验中，采用负启动范式来确定视觉系统在注意力不集中的情况下如何表征新形状。在形状匹配任务中，观察者观看有无表面分割线索的重叠形状。对于不透明和透明的类似表面形状出现了正启动，而对于缺乏表面分割线索的轮廓形状和透明形状则发现了负启动。这种效应推广到了熟悉的形状。这些结果支持了分割线索在负启动中的重要性，并表明在其他条件相同的情况下，表面分割过程可以决定在隐性记忆任务中是出现正启动还是负启动。因此，对于重叠形状的选择性注意可能最好结合表面分割过程来理解。
