DeSchepper B, Treisman A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1996 Jan;22(1):27-47. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.1.27.
Implicit memory for novel shapes was explored with a negative priming paradigm. The results show that representations of shapes, formed in a single trial and without attention, can last without decrement across 200 intervening trials and with temporal delays of up to a month. No explicit memory of the shapes was available, either immediately or after a delay. There were consistent individual differences in the amount of negative priming shown, and some participants showed only facilitation. There was a trend toward increased facilitation across time, as if the memory of the shape survived longer than an "action tag" attached to it, which specified whether it should be attended or ignored. The results demonstrate a surprising combination of plasticity and permanence in the visual system and suggest that the roles of both attention and repetition may be to ensure voluntary retrievability rather than to form a lasting memory.
采用负启动范式探究了对新异形状的内隐记忆。结果表明，在单次试验中且无需注意的情况下形成的形状表征，能够在200次间隔试验中持续存在且不衰减，时间延迟长达一个月。无论是即时还是延迟后，对这些形状均无外显记忆。所表现出的负启动量存在一致的个体差异，一些参与者仅表现出促进作用。随着时间推移，促进作用有增加的趋势，仿佛形状的记忆比附着于其上的“动作标签”存活得更久，该标签指定了是否应对其加以注意或忽略。结果证明了视觉系统中可塑性和持久性的惊人结合，并表明注意和重复的作用可能是确保自愿提取而非形成持久记忆。
